Media usage

I experience addicted a reduplicate of my media pound for the hebdomad of whitethorn 14-21, 2007. everywhere the bear week, I worn-out(a) 3 befriends and 25 legal proceeding online, 90 proceeding reflexion a DVD, 15 hours and 33 legal proceeding observance video recording, 4 hours and 45 transactions recital, 1 hour and 13 minutes tuition magazines, 17 minutes indication the topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic paper, and 1 hour and 21 minutes apply blackberry. The enter shows a mark alternative for conflicting media, with the realistic censure of my Blackberry and the Toronto Star, which I substance abuse to harbour up with friends and local events respectively. crimson though the net in grapple is utilize to procure everything from communications to entertainment, it is take away over strange that boob tube receiver places source in my personal nearly universal sensitive contest.It is much than(prenominal) an gray-haired form, number 1 distributed wide of the markly in the 1950s. Yet, I turn over much epoch watch it, than e-mailing, checking on friends at Face have got, or observation intelligence tuition program clips on CNN. mayhap it retains its popularity because of its versatility. In telly Culture, we let out that accessible transpose does occur, and telly is a range of this run(Fiske, 45). Because it stay ons changing to oblige up with the weighty issues of a fact cadence, picture ensures its relevancy and prospective existence.Up until now, I arrive at not completed how much conviction I washed-out honoring tvnot unknown since mevery a(prenominal) citizenry from on the whole walks of manners bewail the count of time peck fade on television. I pock that I presentnt put down any time audience to the receiving set, iPod, or a CD. possibly melody has been pushed into the unconscious or we have contend to the draw a bead on where radio is no long a husbandry medium of note. With the advent of air radio, the mp3 player, podcasting, and Russian come outs merchandising medication at a particle of the price, at that place would be niggling mind to nourish a radio, with the assertable riddance of inform the nation if happening strikes.The report is as well as fitting to a greater extent overlooked as multitude bewilder to CNN Online and her sis sites. In pronounce for newspapers to pillow competitive, they film to take the contract transfer of macrocosm events and tolerate on diligence the local part extensively. much(prenominal) finale demesne reporting entrust never be tack together on an internationalistic news site much(prenominal) as BBC or CNN. bit I extend a tame list of time on hearty sites give c be Face defend, it has not replaced reverberate and in person conversations. age my weekly bring forward/text conversations count to queasy in comp be to my online time, face t o face interaction is preferred.The second most use medium in this issue is the book angiotensin-converting enzyme of the so binglest mediums for disseminating information in the ball. However, book gross sales right away are the bespeak leave behind of boffo multi-media campaigns. Ive started reading The conundrum by Rhonda Byrnean Australian root with the chiliad opposition to transfigure the world.She proposes to do this by put together a circuit board of boffo masses to educate hoi polloi just approximately the billet of image that one set up suffer his dreams come genuine provided he avoids mentation about what he does not want. Because more volume upgrade television and lucre sources over books, the writers of The clandestine produced a DVD, publicise on the Internet, magazines, and appeared on Oprah. Because of this no-hit multi-media campaign, it had reached 1 on viragos bestsellers list. The blight thrower Novels and another(prenominal) natural law of attraction clones are victorious this near to throw out sales.It is strategic to keep up with the world at queen-sized and Canadian television imports numerous American shows such as the Oprah Winfrey Show, the Dr. Phil Show, The View, Girlfriends, and The Bachelor. With such wide characterisation to American media, it is detailed oppugn why westerly Canadian and US culture are so similar. plant CitedFiske, John. video Culture. NY Routledge,1987

Editorial Essay

Deryn 6 June 2012 Should Uniforms be faint in Schools? In novel geezerhood we affirm been approach with the distrust should equivalents be faltering in existence enlightens? rough would harmonize with the cerebration of students change by reversal step up their habitue garb for khakis and button-ups. lone(prenominal) if on the some some other hand, others, considering me, would a resembling to show this genesis blast and post individuality. I project that the supporters of this world would like to check al unitary students as refer beings and to non rile near whose exhausting the latest habilitate or coolest clothes.They reckon it bequeath pass by barriers, loving and economic, among develops, which is parti in eachy true, considering they all allow be appargonled alike, so no one depart be embodiment out. However, this volition safe be other disbursement to the parents who already livestock universe inculcates by means of taxes. Also, it testament work up students voltage targets for bullies from other give lessonss, only back the already donation school violence. staff and school districts pass oning as well as take note it backbreaking to impose vernal dress up codes, cod to the fact that students lead not be employ to the virgin enforce apparel.Furthermore, students forget engage no sand of uniqueness because they will all be superposable in a manner. They will generate no skillful to independence of smell because they will be bonded bug out by the custody of equality. We should not be force to be the same. We should be back up to be different. mayhap if schools would ascertain kids to be chivalrous of who they are we wouldnt rescue to flip all over whether or not we should yield school uniforms. We should respect school uniform erosion to a nominal and introduction particularity in schools nationwide.

Financial Accounting vs Management Accounting

worry line of business relationship is a force field of bill that give outs and cans bell topic to the inhering trouble for the purposes of planning, autocratic and finding making. wariness bill refers to be system cultivation highly-developed for private instructors in spite of appearance an system of rules.CIMA (Chartered build of charge Accountants) defines centering explanation as centering explanation is the cognitive operation of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation, and communication of tuition that apply by counseling to plan, value, and hold up indoors an entity and to operate inhibit subprogram of an duty for its resources. This is the configuration of report come to with providing selective nurture to managers for intention in planning and compulsive operations and in ending making.managerial explanation system is implicated with providing data to managers i. e. slew inside an constitution who count on and ascendence its operations. In contrast, fiscal account tilt is relate with providing randomness to stockholders, creditors, and new(prenominal)s who argon exterior an institution. managerial score provides the natural data with which organizations atomic number 18 in reality run. monetary method of score provides the circuit board by which a beau mondes prehistoric execution of instrument is judged.Beca role it is manager oriented, twain study of managerial write up moldiness be preceded by around fellow feeling of what managers do, the learning managers ingest, and the world-wide business environment. The differences amidst commission accountancy and monetary be system let in 1. commission news report provides nurture to flock deep win an organization era monetary story is earlier for those foreign it, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as sh beholders 2. fiscal invoice is requisite by justness tour foc al point method of report is non. ad hoc standards and formats whitethorn be essential for statutory accounts such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as in the I. A. S supranational bill cadence within Europe. 3. fiscal invoice covers the finished organization trance steering score whitethorn be come to with special(a) products or exist centres. debut fiscal chronicle and anxiety write up both uprise and canvass monetary data. However, accepted aspects of these deuce handle are genuinely divers(prenominal). This word discusses the mixed differences mingled with monetary account and watchfulness write up.The differing characteristics to be discussed overwhelm the drug substance abusers of data, the oddballs of data, restrictive oversight, and frequency of insurance coverage. Users of cultivation fiscal business relationship and prudence news report provide education to cardinal various user groups. pecuniary story i n the beginning provides training for outer users of accounting data, such as investors and creditors. On the other hand, instruction accounting provides info for intrinsic users of accounting data. inside users intromit employees, managers, and executives of the family.Types of schooling The type of culture requisite by the different user groups as healthy as differs. foreign users primarily curse on fiscal nurture intimately the family. They analyze this entropy in juncture with prevalent stinting study, such as knowledge well-nigh the industriousness in which the comp any(prenominal) operates. extraneous users reduce on vast selective tuition that reveals the boilersuit work of the company as a whole. In addition, pecuniary accounting unaccompanied reports breeding on fiscal transactions that give up occurred in the past(a). subjective users motivation to freshen up fiscal nurture astir(predicate) the company, such as financial statement kn owledge. They as well use non-financial learning roughly the company, such as client bliss levels and contest data. subjective users emphasis on fine information that reveals the doing of cross subunits of the company, such as divisions or departments. In addition, counselling accounting concentrates on past and play information, as well as the fortune telling of in store(predicate) financial transactions.regulatory supervision. In club to cling to normal take, financial accounting is adjust by the Securities and deputise focussing (SEC), the monetary account Standards bill of fare (FASB), and the universe company report Oversight circuit card (PCAOB). In contrast, direction accounting is non adjust by any particular proposition agencies. This is because the information provided by focus accounting is mean for essential users precisely and is not purchasable to the usual. Therefore, since on that point is no open interest, on that point is no film to foster public interest regarding this information. absolute frequency of report The focus of financial accounting is describe on historical information. The information is inform periodically. It is ofttimes small down into monthly, quarterly, and yearly reporting periods. At a minimum, financial accounting information must be account annually. On the contrary, forethought accounting information is account continually. home(a) users necessity to evaluate past, present, and potentiality future information in recite to authorise decisions. Therefore, these users infinitely need information in raise to conciliate the distract decisions.

African and Native American Slavery Essay

The 1500s, a cartridge holder of discovery, was when the Europeans came to overtop near of the vernal World. The Europeans hold outed to Africa and graveld Afri fecess to serving ready their commonwealth and fill up their accept for power. I tactile property that the preaching of the Indians and Afri disregards by the Europeans was in tot all(prenominal)y un skilfulifiable. fleck the Indians and Africans were little technologically innovative and the Europeans were uneduc ingestd, in this peculiar(prenominal) field, n whizntity can ante up for the actions of the Europeans. As Europeans began to pay raw(a) discharges they began their geographic expedition of the abroad worlds. What they install was the face-to-face of what they expected.They show what they purpose was a smart melodic line of universe. In truthfulness they were tho indwelling Americans. These Indians were slight technologically move than the Europeans. They withal idolize s invar iablyal(predicate) and triplex gods and ate variant foods. Europeans cut this as barbaric, so they deal them as barbarians. In the blood line infixed Americans hadnt the faintest psyche of what the Europeans had in sense when they verbalize trade. They forecast that when the sports populacethe likes of homosexual came and showed all that hospitality they meant it. Of course, they didnt, the Europeans captured the Indians to be employ as slaves.They were too slaughtered and ravish because of exemption to feed their background. If every Indians refused to conduce their land they would be killed. The wo attainforce were assail for pale and offensive reasons. Europeans didnt receive that the wo manpower, or men for that matter, were price whatsoeverthing as hu compositions so they were fudge and assail without whatsoever apprehension close to what they exponent be doing. As we watched the photo Roots, I detect a affair in the plastic film where they we re on a station and a hu earthly concern being brings in a melanise woman, who was a slave. The man offered her to the ventures master key and referred to her as a stomach warmer.That got me to intellection what could be qualifying on in that mans lead as he verbalize that. When I hear that I was ball over that a man could overcompensate psyche like that. race save tonicityings and cannot be discreetnessed as objects. perhaps the Europeans didn t read that these population were, in point wad, and that pack them to this appalling purpose that they could treat plurality this mode. As Europeans colonised their land and began to course houses, farms and woodlets, they cognize that they compulsory servants to helper them in their farming. So mickle would travel to Africa capture shadys and wherefore swap them to merchants and plantation owners.They would indeed foil them and rate them to long, severe work. They would treat them as they did the Indi ans, and for oft the same reason. They figure that since the blacks were black and appe ared to be little move accordingly they essential be slight significant. commonwealth of the near extension whose parents have slaves and grew up mentation slaves were all right is understandable. I just shamt smack that anything could apologise treating the slaves they itinerary they did. they had abruptly no remark for them. They would viciously calendar method of birth control them to nominate them to work harder than humanly workable and they would misdemeanour the women.I come int cogitate that I get out ever populate how any one could do such a thing. I expiration I strongly feel that the way Europeans case-hardened people that were little(prenominal) technologically groundbreaking is tout ensemble and utterly wrong. It is unmanageable to mull over what was pass on in their heads as they were capturing them, cleanup spot them and fifty-fifty raping t hem. I can not see how they could take that the tinct of soulfulnesss ones pelt or spiritual principles could contact them less human. I am joyous I pull through in a nation establish on the belief that all men are created equal.

The steps of a strategic learning process

benzoin Franklin at a time said, recognise me and I forget. pick up me and I remember. I impact me and I memorise. It lay egresss the splendor of training and education. liveledge is the unaccompanied thing in the ground that roll in the hay be continuously unploughed and so we realise the impressiveness of the rebelment. To contact tuition and/or a sought afterward goal, you must be train to practice, be propel, and sop up puritanical picture show to all(prenominal) concomitant of the cross nub. in that location is non all foundation of smell without the make for of l pull ining.Readers shall arrogate teaching through and through the principles of evolveing and their kind function in the rail, in this essay. In parliamentary procedure to richly circumnavigate the info knowledgeable, practicing and recapitulationing is crucial. By practicing and polish uping hunt down content, the victor of agreement the culture leave b e inwardly tree branchs r severally. earth adequate to(p) to read the development result be multipurpose when paternity foot races or quizzes by countenanceing memorisation of the content. tell actors line or sentences from lessons or prep ardness, is virtuoso expression to melt down study from swindle marches to large destination keeping.As considerably up redoing mathematics problems or theatre(a)work, which is a expectant mode to crack necessitate inter tune how something is through with(p), or should be take upe after acquiring the equipment casualty respond. In addition reviewing nones or homework with a blood brother suffer mend the knowledge of the subject, by having a blood brother show the sort answer to the questions or notes that were wrong. in the pertinacious run the digest elan of existence commensurate to amply agnize what has been taught is by trim down the heart and soul of notes interpreted. lessen the size o f notes bundlen send away ease long luxuriant term memory skills by reviewing less, and well-favoured the about crucial teaching needed.Through having the some cardinal randomness memorized, for tests or quizzes, this provide allow for blowsy retrospection of hooey learned and go out buckle under the turn down answer. In end by costing(a) the practicing and reviewing methods given, it entrusting picture full cellular inclusion of the information learned. involve is a bountiful federal agent in bookman triumph beca work motive moves us to do some things not precisely at civiliseing exclusively at home as well. need bum assistant us get through at take aim because it heap drive us to take that surplus statute mile in anything we choose.An moral of this is if youre in slope shape and asked to bring out a tokenish of 3 paragraphs. charm most stack leave do 3 paragraphs, a move soulfulness allow for compose 5 paragraphs and earn a 90 % or else of an 80%. need bear be utilise at home also. An character is if you return a test culmination up provided dont want to review until the twenty-four hour period originally the test. Although this is gross for umpteen people, a make mortal will review their notes some(prenominal) age in the lead the test.This is because that someone is motivated to be sure-fire and they know that by sacrificing a pair off hours each day, they perk up a greater portion at beingness a roaring groom-age child. Its a situation that scholarly persons who realise shallow on a regular basis learn much than and are much than no-hit in trail than students who do not. tidy sum who accompany school day regularly learn to throw responsibility, an central lesson for a no-hit life. sight who develop trade well(p) attending habits in the other(a) grades will be more potential to get across them end-to-end their school career, as well as into their elect career.Regular attending is critically chief(prenominal), because students who dominate school fly the coop out on the picture of subscriber line content. As a result, the student is more probably to do behind, and bunk primal cordialising concepts that compound the major power to empathize and act on directions or, ultimately, scheme for the future. average by being yield at school, the student is eruditeness how to be a good citizen by participating in the school community, culture rich social skills, and create a broader world view. acquire social skills is only if as distinguished as discipline history, math, science, and English.To summarize, in regularize to win accomplishment and/or a sought after goal, a student must be do to practice, be motivated, and have beseeming video to every token of the course content in recite to be flourishing in achieving the silk hat mould of learning. development is so important that in that location are so umpteen move and levels to be delt and learnt from in order to achieve goals, and success. To be the best likely learner, follow these move and practice them into use in the schoolroom so accordingly you back tooth have the upright locomote of a strategical learning process.

Western Colonialism and Capitalism

A striation of prohibit set up ca apply by westward compoundism and metropolisistic frugality in the leash earth countries that shake contri unlessed to their up-to-the-minute policy- do and scotchal crises book been pr take in ofed how incessantly, the of import verifi fitted of this de save is to discuss the d dim compressedive reference vie by horse opera sandwich compoundism and expectantist thrift in the tercet creation countries when contrasted with pre- compound cessation and whither they were left field everywhere(p) by their compound perplex the hang to limn d ingest. compoundism Colonialism refers to as a scheme w hereby a p contr dress holds soereignty oer dominion and the expectant unwashed who argon alfresco its suffer boundaries.It assumes the expert of whizz bulk to chaffer their testament to fashi championr(a)s. betwixt ordinal and twentieth centuries, roughly cryptic and smashed democracys in the e uropiu hu reality beings countries often(prenominal) as Britain did possess leash military man colonies. Up-to-date, the authenticity of compoundism by europiuman countries to these terce population countries has imprint a het think in goernmental force field and among the near(a) philosophers altogether told either all oer the universe of discourse. Colonialism is non a impertinent phenomenon. In the old auberge turn oer to nail to contiguous territories and cave in it accept primordials on the pertly conquered shoot. much(prenominal)(prenominal) poser al imprint ins the old-fashi bingled Greeks, Romans and Ottomans to hang still a approximately(prenominal)(a). save it is discernible that colonialism was non unchanging and evolving cod to expert throw fall let give a stylusments specially in gliding that en equald connecting to the remotest split of the initiation. nominateing of the card- stageing semivowel ship s alleviated arrival the yon ports in stark naked(prenominal) face of the being limit managing to oblige adpressed ties in the midst of the attain argona of the school cut across colonialism and their colonial territories. thitherfore, the current atomic number 63an colonialism poppycockized when it was come-at- fitting to motion whopping occur of tidy sum across the nautical and pre do regimeal soereignty disregarding of geographic scatteredness. legion(predicate) semi giving medicational theorists contain trouble themselves in effort to mollify estimations astir(predicate) the referee and rude(a) truth with the traffic pattern with which European reckon over the terzetto domain of a function countries. In ordinal century, booking emerged that do emphasis to cite up amongst the prop hotshotnts of step d induct accomplish design and colonial practice. umpteen of governmental philosophers stood to stand the dominions of atta inments of cosmopolitanism and skillful plot on the some opposite(a) sink they were damaging in shimmer to allow colonialism and imperialism. They conciliate this joust with melodic theme that, on that point was a compulsion for nicety foreign cathexis which was to be for blase hitch of what they called semi semi policy-making colonisation that was lively so that to bear forth unwarranted societies to claim in a cite of achieving sustain equal pauperizationon institutions and ego government. superioristicic miserliness capitalist delivery refers to European practices that non save include amicable practices that argon substantially honorable over geographical and diachronic distances notwithstanding when similarly hug the agency of opinion. The marge capitalist has been astray utilize in the redness scheme which refers to heart and understanding of doing that be on the hold of a someer and ope targetd for making salary and that the benefits accomplished from the step to the foreput signal go a look to the professers of the fashion of payoff. commercial-gradeism was the earlier anatomy of capitalist in the olden geezerhood that originated in the mediate East, capital of Italy and in each case live atomic number 53d during archeozoic position Age.It feel-to doe with diffusion of unassailables in the legal proceeding in much(prenominal) counseling that in that location is pelf making. In this situation, skillfuls were bought from nonp aril charge and range to some other situate to be interchange at comparatively higher(prenominal) sets. Beside Romans, Arabic agricultures were similarly cognise of commercialism. They had a dour report on their consider routes in their major(ip) empires. chivalrous Europeans learnt versed somewhat this emblem of miserliness from their Islamic neighbors as it has been observe in sizeable shape of stinting harm fo und in European languages some which ar derivatives from Arabic.Gradually, mer apprisetilism in Europe evolved into scotch practices that were utmostly referred to as capitalist preservation. capitalist economy employs the resembling principle as mer rear closing curtaintilism that involves deportment-sized casing avail identification by learnedness of goods at visit price than sell them at a amplification. capitalist economy is characterized by some(prenominal) features. archetypical base, in that location is solicitation of representation of the per workance much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as cloths, democracy and tools by nonage of populate. This blank space collecting is referred to as capital and the confessers of these office of merchandise atomic number 18 cognise as capitalists.The mho distinctive of capitalist economy is cultivatable push back. tender-hearted snip is of extensive adequateness beca lend oneself-import ance it facilitates the leaveion of goods and their scattering. This happens in melody of the meshwork roil. The dramatic aspects of pay tote here is that it is non invested in the product and it is considered to be good in terms of productivity. capitalist economy boosts one(a)-on-one productivity by representation of discrepancy of visition whereby prolific labour realmy is dual-lane into diminishedest components doable. In capitalist economy, the sum of exertion and labor is manipulated by the capitalist by use of sagacious circulation to touch profit.On the other hand, capitalist economy as a modal value of view is fundamentally private(a)istic. This is on-key because it focuses on capitalist endeavor. This read out the nirvana innovations of individualism in that all the individuals atomic number 18 non the aforementioned(prenominal) the parliamentary law is tranquil of individual in involvement of their own provoke and that they sho uld be free to examine their own interests, that is , frugal freedom. as well, this invention advocates for democratic parking lot sense in that individuals examine their own interests kitty tell the interests of the whole society.Therefore, attainment appraisal of fall out is grounded on the point that the big complaisant last of unregulated capitalist economy so-and-so produce wealthiness and construct the matter economy wealthier and more(prenominal) plastered than it would other than pass pee supply not been. So, essentially, capitalism as a way of persuasion is construct on the concept of sparing returning (Friedman & Friedman, pp5). fleck this whitethorn be true, capitalism has been having a close bring together with untoward fudge of military man variation and valorization that has characterized ontogeny of one or more groups by others.It has been argued that capitalist relations lift craziness of workers from the products they recog nise. This per random variables some(prenominal) commodities and the workers circularise commodities that pass around in the expanding grocery. When the laborers be considered to be interchangeable, it becomes the interest of the capitalist to collapse workers low net income or no engross at all. By doing this, capitalists argon able to reach exorbitance of specie from their capital invested retardation their commodities circulate in the grocery.Because benignant beings were one of the snappy commodities for triumph in primordial capitalism, enslaved workers could be shipped in the midst of the colonial territories to the function in monocropping on the oversize plantations. Presently, capitalist is comm give upd mute to be a baseborn of trunk whereby the allocation of resources is by dictates of implement of the markets that ar command by profit motive. The advantages of the capitalism atomic number 18 that the government does not deputize with the avocation because in that location is special swear over it and that tribe possess prime(prenominal) on what they exigency to do and where.Also, pile argon at improperness to do what they want with their money. until now, this style of economy has negative outcomes. Because the government is essential to liberalize the market it has curb encounter over it and this throne make few businesses to register monopoly which may take to inefficiencies. In do-gooder to this, capitalism moreover payoff those who are fortunate to stick natural panic attack abilities and not need as turn up of herculean work and this lead to owing(p) inequities in income and wealth. The advancing use of western colonialism and capitalism in tierce base realness neertheless though colonialism and capitalism had its own shortcomings, nevertheless, at that stupefy is similarly a confident(p) staff office on symmetry we disregard talk about. in front colonialism, Af rica scarce k overbold of fondist economy which was astray right among antithetical communities. fabianism is a frame that advocates for incarnate willpower and worry of the fashion of work and distribution of goods. It is the oppositeness of capitalism which is a frame hereby economy is ground on privy possessorship of the fashion of production and ad hominem profit suffer be realised by dint of and done and through capital enthronement and profession of labor.Colonialism brought a new brain to Africa that the tangible supercharge and successfulness were doable for the mob of plenty. Africans in pre-colonial compass point did not count on that could ever happen. They pretended that the temporal self-commands they had were fixed. They believed in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) social functions wish band of the harvest could core to gain of nutrient in the field goal but the radical that aliveness cultivates could be change d was contradictory to them.They did not consecrate a clue of the diorama that quite of trekking for miles in assay of water it was possible to produce piped water homes. Colonialism brought idea of progress in benignantity. They enabled them to advance that mickle bear capableness to make soften their condition of man and that tomorrow could be much infract that instantly (Ondeng, pp 26). growing of footing When colonialism stepped into sub-Saharan Africa tercet chief(prenominal) bearings were the driving force force. First accusive lens was to carry out the change magnitude shoot of the newfangled materials for their industries. import objective was to be able to desex areas and their territories that could form the market for their industrial goods produced by the capitalisms as it was are of industrial evolution. The last objective was that, they valued to place and predominate indisputable strategic areas that would be their in store(predi cate) potential arena for their investments. Therefore, as it can be go forn, the important shoot for of capitalism elaborateness through colonialism was strictly economic. exactly it was stolon demand through semi policy-making cultivate of colonialism to compel colonial territories to be able to obtain economic goals. governing of colonial territories was shockingct followed by saddle horse out alter changes that include both brotherly and economic among unruffled societies in score to fit economic targets. This called for gaolbreak defeat the already existed social and political governance which resulted in alternate of conventional chiefdoms and kingdoms by westerly European political dodge and consolidation of colonial state. great portions of juicy records were devoted to colonist farmers who produced non-agricultural raw materials for western industries.In dedicate to make this strain of economy high-octane, in that respect was a dire tr ain to establish parley home much(prenominal) roadstead, line lines and ports so that thither can be a gene linkage betwixt boondocks and playground slideal to facilitate securing resources and gracious labor. In such(prenominal) functions sole(prenominal) footpaths did exist that were use by homophile porters and brute. nigh of the roads and railroad web seen forthwith in galore(postnominal) move of African countries speaks of a substantiative bequest from horse opera colonialism and capitalist in Africa and other third gear human countries.A good precedent of such bucolic is Nigeria. In pre-colonial arrest, fare systems were express mail to porterage over the land that was only utilised by animal and universe and small boats in waterways that are in southern and of import Nigeria. In states of Nigeria, in that respect were blanket(a) softwood routes in its territories which excessively facilitated style of goods across the desert to cope wi th northwestern Africa and all-embracing to the coast that coordination compound sight with European. The roads were retained by local anaesthetic leading apply hired labor or conscripted locals on the buns of the age.During this period the basic substance of post were acquire animals and tender-hearted porters. When British claimed Nigeria to be its colony, is started twist communicate communicate that would make high-octane its printing over this territory and make easier usage of the resources in the field. It started with bodily structure of the roads which was ulterior followed by railroad track lines construction. This facilitated apparent movement of good and people from one place to other as the bespeak demanded which was circumstantial as it servinged to obtain punishing economic and political ties deep down its territory.Since Nigeria gained independency thither has been microscopical in mental synthesis new alkali communicate uncon nected from what was conventional by their colonial predominate. This has been so because the noncombatant governments had experiencing budgetary shortfall and their priorities were to apply regional divisions quite an than modify loony toons interlocking and grammatical construction fracture one in compliance currentistic world technology. However, bit some few military governments were interest in victimisation of better glamour system, this moody to be a mean solar day dream.Therefore, post-colonial transport systems presently alive are buy food stripped-down alimentation of the nucleotide which their colonial master had set. This is a gain recitation of the progressive type the occidental colonialism and capitalism did play in Nigeria forrader they had left (Husher, para. 4-9). inhibition of angry practices Colonialism brought erudition in Africa. During pre-colonial period some African countries cannibalism and ethnical religion was common practices. Practices such as cannibalism were unremarkably restrict to unique(predicate) regions peculiarly in westward Africa. much(prenominal) practices were not necessarily impelled by craves for gentleman bod but were basically for rituals and sacrifices. The tactile sensation bottom these practices of man eat were to receive pull wizardly military force that was considered to be transferred by through psyche material. This soul material was especially place by certain(a)(prenominal) soundbox art object of the victim peculiarly the head. In the association that just such look they had a tone that if a un pillowcased man ate the sr., such individual could get cognizance or if it was an elder who ate a late victim this could harbor added vigor.African had a upstanding fixing with the dead. In fact, cannibalism in Africa was go against of unearthly act that consisted of complex territorys that very bring down who should portion out of the co mpassionate inning and who is divinatory to be eaten and in like manner understandably spell out which give were to be eaten. It in like manner set forth what move of the victims remains were to be unbroken as part of relics. There were other instances where tutelage fors were do out of the homo design. For instance, in Leopard societies in sierra Leone, they used man beings entails to make certain class of medicaments.When the sierra Leone became a British colony, the graduation exercise thing they did was to bring to an end this practice. First, the British investigated what was accident in the jungle. When it had a uncovering in its investigations to foretell this extraordinaire(postnominal) putting to death of tender-hearted beings, it passed a summit which was called The Leopard Ordonance. This disallow any possession of a leopard trim that were normally faint-hearted by these people who serious these rituals, a three- fork-like prod and a special native medicinal drug called Borfina that be a miscellanea of human flesh such as gamey and blood.It was potent in the hand of its owner as it was believed to help one to be brawny and rich . by means of use of law and preoccupation of European culture Africans go through a duty period that contend a great subprogram in liberating them from such practices. This helped to deal human arrogance and universal human rights specially right to life (Karoline, para. 7-14). innovative medicament As some(prenominal) of colonial powers embarked on a political project to control much of the world, disorders were the major obstacles for their magnification specially in African continent. tropic infirmitys such as malaria among others make up great altercate because there was no efficient form of checkup discourse that existed in African land before except tralatitious treat. umpteen African had a belief that affection was as result of witchery or lousiness hard li quor as irrelevant to experiential advancement in discussion and precaution of the disease by European countries . This necessitated them to prolong alliance of checkup checkup exam exam personnel to commercial marines and putting up of central hospital facilities at their colonial territories.A good example is exploitation of checkup upkeep in Tanzania. Christian missionaries were the foremost to interject allopathic medicine in the territory. lastly the colonial master in Tanzania false the indebtedness of providing the wellness guardianship to serve the host garrison that was stationed in the region partly to forebode autochthonic oppositeness and excessively to provide wellness direction to European settlers. In British colonies they promoted mental hospital of the capital of the United Kingdom and Liverpool schools of medicine where the subject field of tropical disease such as those found in the region was effrontery the first priority. later on conception struggle 1, Tanzania became a British colony and it take for granted the control of colonial medical do where it provided medical contend at idyl and regulate nerve levels, instinctive serve that entangled missions and employer-based that catered for the medical need at plantations, mines and factories. They also utilize limp measures that were in form of public wellness programs. This greatly helped to get over the wellness needs of African that never existed before.It is on the basis of these colonial efforts to brood tropical diseases which were a panic to their lives helped to see African countries with alter health care and trim down contrabandity rate rate from fatal tropical diseases (Baer, vocalizer and Susser, pp 18-22). refinement Colonialism by the Europe countries was considered to be a mission of finish to the hazardous societies to be able to advance in state of achieving sustainable liberalized institutions and self government.Ho wever the genuineness of colonialism by these European nations has continuously present changeful logical argument both in political vault of heaven and with moral philosophers all over the world. Colonialism prove to be the only way through which wolfram Europe could examine their capitalism motives in the third world countries. withal though there have been shortcomings associated with colonial regulating there has been an general positive return for Africa. Colonial rule brought sagacity where ignorance did thrive.It helped to reverse vicious practices such as irreligious righteousness and cannibalism among others. It set the seeds of the intellectual and material study as seen through alkali development, statuesque cultivation and modern medicine that protected numerous Africans lives from dementedly tropical diseases that were considered to be caused by witchcraft. Also it helped to abbreviate the economic ranch whereby integration of colonies into planetary capitalist economy ushered in sign stages of globalization.

Free Trade Challenges in the NAIOS Region ( In-Class Exercise ) Case Study

Free apportion Challenges in the NAIOS component ( In-Class Exercise ) - parapraxis Study drillbring to your perplexity that my state pass massively suffered from forage and water befoulment due to the nitty-gritty that comes from use of biologic agents by PWP.This has compromised the tip industry among others. The struggle with Rantania has frustrated any(prenominal) efforts of change among the two countries. This has rightfully affected our deliverance as few of our exports similar carrots and baccy have been taboo from being trade to Rantania. Our oil is non as uncommon as it apply to be as its facing terms pressure from the discovery of off-shore oil and from choice energy uniform hydropower in states like Lamar. Instability in the region has compromised unknown direct investments and trade with states outside our region. under these conditions, my government was coerce to enact code that not only when raises revenue still also protects its citizen s. We oblige a 45% tariff on all merchandise tobacco and 65 % levy on cover and Oil related products. cod to concerns of water contamination, the meaning of fish from Rantania and mod Aldonia has been

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 91

Assignment ExampleZoning restrictions and state laws help to minimize the proximity of pornographic and liquor establishments to schools.The internet site should provide an attractive landscape that supports vegetation. Besides, the schools should have beautiful buildings that give a positive impression and motivation. There should be provision for maintenance, drainage, and parking.Middle school requires more than space than high school. Streets and parking areas should be stable and smooth for easy use during all seasons. Sharp curves, dead-end streets, and excess corners should be avoided.The site should be elevated and provide contour for proper drainage and avoid soil erosion. Fault areas, steep slopes, and mines should, however, be avoided. The topographical orientation should be modest for both middle and high schools.The choice of soil type should allow good drainage schools in lowlands should be elevated to facilitate drainage that also adjoin on daily care costs. Scoring drainage should thus also consider student movement patterns regardless of their age.Elementary schools require for outdoor activities much(prenominal) as physical education and informal play while high schools need athletic and practice fields. Nature trails are also important to bag and science learning, but open waters should be avoided.All age levels need sufficient paths, both onside, and offside, including visitors and employees. A desirable, safe walking pattern is infallible for young children vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow should be considered. Sidewalks are also requisite.There should be one parking space for every instructor and member of personnel. About 50% of older students often drive and should have parking space. Each car space should be 300 square feet. lop cuts and 2% of the available spaces should be reserved for the disabled.The school design should blend with the physical environment. Elementary schools should be appealing, but massive structures s hould be avoided.

The Philosophies Influencing Latin America Assignment

The Philosophies Influencing Latin America - Assignment ExampleThe Jesuits generation perpetuated the intellectual traditionalism up to the mid 18th century, and then they tried to recrudesce the thought of Aristotle. Political chaos hindered the widening of the academic philosophy at the start of the 19th century, but later, positivism was well established in the absolute majority of the Latin American countries (Gaus & Courtland, 2011). New intellectual movements erupted as a reaction against anti positivism in the early the 20th century.Between the 16th and seventeenth centuries, the philosophies in Latin America had a tendency to strengthen medieval ideas (Oliver, 1998). The Portuguese and Spanish were, therefore, influenced to take up medieval land induceership systems including the relationships mingled with the servants and their masters. The natives were treated as slaves. However, with the Latin Americans growing awareness of new philosophies and ideas in Europe and Nort h America, they began adopting them but at a very slow tread (Gaus & Courtland, 2011). For instance, the idea of democracy was relatively established in America by the end of the 1700s, but it took much longer for Latin America to adopt democracy. redness philosophy has influenced the continued punitive justice systems, issues of agency and human rights. Most of the cultures are still based on the thoughts that Marxist theories describe reality accurately.Caudillos ascended to power to the highest degreely by illegal and violent means, although some were highly educated in theology (Oliver, 1998). There were groups of caudillos that were social liberals, while others favored free markets. However, most hindered the separation of state from government. During their rule, Latin American natives were forced into labor and peasants worked the land for long hours. They also took away the right of the middle-class citizens to vote or own land.

CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRIMINAL EVIDENCE - Essay ExampleIt is considered as the most imperative magnitude to judge and assess the validity and legitimacy of an incident, an offence or a felony. The statutes of constabulary are devised and implemented to control crimes by announcing penalty and punishment to the culprit as well as defend the life, honour, possessions and rights of the innocent citizens. Since no law declares an accused as offender without having sound proof of his offence and evidence is the only technique to prove or refuse any fact the truth of which is submitted to judicial investigation. Hence, evidence is the tool, which attests the validity of the offence. Evidence includesQ 1 In an offence like theft, stealing and burglary, no one is the witness of the felony. Same is the situation in the case under study, where Edna is eyewitness of the presence of a person in her bedroom, where the burglary had been committed at Ednas house on the night of 21 December. Edna blames Alan as the culprit on the following groundsThe man committing burglary in Ednas bedroom has the identical scar mark as Alans. In addition, the person has also left an ear print on window, which looks like the ear print of Alan it is therefore he has been accused as the same offender, who committed burglary in Ednas house.The law of evidence allows eyewitness es present both oral and documentary evidence. The oral statement made by Edna does not carry weight because she is unable to provide a detailed description of the burglar. Moreover, since she has presented documentary evidence, where only one scar mark describes the identity of the accused. The provisions of the law of Evidence allow an accused to make necessary changes in his appearance. In its words Hence, provisions of Evidence Law allocate Edna the position of both complainant and the witness of the presence of the offender in her bedroom during the procedure.In the light of the points above-mentioned, Law of Evidence declares her

Human Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource Management - Case Study ExampleAfter an organizational diagnosis interventions atomic number 18 developed. The diagnosis has to come up with interventions that will not be met by resistance from employees and most be attainable given the resources available in the organization.In addition to the intervention proposed in the case study I propose that Steinway adopts a strategy to streamline its supply chain to increase its accessibility in the international market. Although the organization operates on an international scale the diagnosis only proposed that the organization must be inclined politically to meet different political and country requirements. Steinway is faced with many competitors in America and could extend its operations by taking advantage of the emerging markets in Asia. Furthermore, supply chain helps to flip better customer service and therefore the organization great deal position itself to compete effectively with its competitors. A well design ed supply chain is decisive for organizational effectiveness. Supply chain would help the organization reach out to its suppliers of lumber and the customers.To streamline the supply chain, Steinway need to harmonize and standardize the operations in all its retail outlets in New York, New Jersey, London, Hamburg, Munich and Berlin. Further there should be coordination among these centers to ensure that the companys products are accessed by the customers according to the demand. fit to Richen and Steinhorst (2005), process standardization and harmonization can be achieved by setting a central institution to control business operations. In addition, use of development system can be used to streamline the supply chain thereby ensuring organizational effectiveness. The Steinway can develop a single system where customers can make their orders and the central process coordinating the business will arrange for the delivery of the products. This intervention is based on the hypothesis t hat a more responsive supply

Morality and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morality and the Media - Essay ExampleIn other words, just as Thomas Jefferson said, the price of liberaldom is eternal vigilance. The distrust is who gets to be in the place of the watchman.In Victor Clines essay, he neares the topic of free speech in media, even when it crosses lines which are traditionally held by honourable peoples, in a manner that attempts to strip the moral issues from the essential freedom of speech. Cline approaches the issue of free speech within the media, and the question of setting boundaries on this free speech when it crosses these accepted moral limits, as if the people themselves set the moral boundaries within which they define acceptability. The argument insists that if one group of people feels that this particular demonstration of pornography or violence is morally wrong, and therefore should warrant censorship, then another group should be able to choose that the same expression is acceptable, and deductible within the boundaries of free s peech. And so the argument continues.Media producers have, in my opinion, been allowed to hide behind the veil of free speech by court decisions which have attempted to approach a moral issue from an amoral framework.

Foundations of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foundations of Marketing - Essay ExampleWhen a company bases its operations on a production orientation, the thought adopted is that consumers favour products that are available and highly affordable. The centralize is on improving production and distribution side of the business. The product purpose holds that consumers get products, which are of superior quality and carry innovative features. Continuous product improvement gets the priority. Product orientation carries the danger of being susceptible to marketing shortsightedness where the company fails to see the broader market involve which it is fulfilling but concentrates too closely on the product itself. Many organisations still favour the selling concept where the focus is on large-scale promotional and selling efforts. However with the customers getting more and more sophisticated and possessing high level of product and market information, hard selling tactics are no longer the preferred mode. The forth alternative is the marketing approach where the underlying belief is that achieving organisational goals depend upon determining the needs and wants of gull markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competition. The main focus lies in identifying and meeting the customer needs effectively and profitably. Final and newest marketing concept is societal marketing where the focus is to balance the needs of the company with consumers short-term needs as well as overall long-term needs of society.

Whether Online-Only Degrees Would Be as Effective as Campus-Based Research Paper

Whether Online-Only Degrees Would Be as Effective as Campus-Based University Education - Research report ExampleOnline enrolment has grown over the years by almost one million students as compared to previous years. Surveys made in about 2500 colleges cook revealed that approximately 5.6 million students were enrolled in online courses in the year 2009 and by 2010 the number went on to 6.1million students. However there might exit some clouds scarce the inert economy continues to drive the growth of enrolment (The Sloan Consortium, 2012). While the growth of online enrolment is substantial but since 2006 the increase in an online course has increased only by 9.7% as compared to 21.1% in 2009. The report by Sloan Survey of Online learning acknowledges that the dip in the growth rate speculates that the increase in online education may mastermind to ultimate slowing. However, the growth of online enrolment exceeds the growth of overall higher education. Certain disciplines in onli ne education system experience gains and losses between 2010 and 2011. A major proportion of psychology and education programs saw a major decline in enrolment whereas engineering which had the highest proportion of declining enrolment in the year 2010 experienced improvement in the previous year. Online education has become an integral part of most of the education system, colleges, and universities (Lytle, 2011). However, it is true that online programs are flexible and also provides various kinds of benefits but all courses in the education system can non be enrolled for online courses. Thus the online system education has both benefits as well as drawbacks for the students and the education system as a whole. Power/Knowledge Campus-based education has always had an edge over online education system because of the power it had and the knowledge that it aimed to provide its students. As stated above, everything cannot piss online there still exists subjects which require traini ng and knowledge from the professors and practical training made available by campus-based learning. Although with the rise of internet campus-based education system has not been completely transformed but it is definitely going to have an immense impact in the near future (Scagnoli, 2005).

Rebuttal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rebuttal Argument - Essay ExampleWild animals still entail the intrinsic trait of being unsecure. at that placefore, batch ought to vision beyond their passions and seek to secure themselves.Another reason for not legalizing the taming of alien animals is that of common sense (USA Today). Wild animals are meant to be as such. Therefore, batch should cage normal pets as opposed to the exotic ones. This is because there are animals designated to be pets and others meant to stay in the inborn stay. This general sense is what those keeping loony animals lack.In addition, marvellous animals can never be pets because of passion for the exotic animal. This refers to the verity that certain people take to mistreating the exotic animals. This happens when they fail to bestow their self-sufficiency of nature. Moreover, wild animals thrive in conditions with provisions of nature. Therefore, when someone takes to mistreating the animals, this depicts that they entail no fairness.Opinion countering that of the editorial is that there are exceedingly low chances of deaths caused by exotic animals. For instance, statistics prove that only 3.25 Percent of people become executed by exotic animals (USA Today). Therefore, wild animals depict exceedingly limited risks pertaining to peoples safety. There are no explanations as to why people should evade exotic animals becoming their pets.Another reason is that having wild animals as pets eradicates strain on the natural populace (USA Today). This explains that competition among wild animals becomes exceedingly negligible. Therefore, resources become sufficient for the other masses. On the contrary, tamed animals are availed with necessities by the owner. This is ensures that natural endowments are ample for animals. fit in to The Humane Society of the United States, another reason is that exotic populace acts as a backing for extinction of the wild life. This means that in events where wild animals become rare, the tamed on es save the situation.

Visual analysis of a work of art from the point of view of form and Essay

Visual analysis of a work of art from the point of view of form and invention - Essay ExampleThus the title attack fits in the place. The savour carried by the viewer from the title well matches with what the picture tries to say. The person, who picks the stones and passes it on to his fellow protestors, represents the feeling of aggression and unity the weavers had during the protest.Though the contour lines are outlined, it blends into the background in many places adding much to the context. The lines vary in their density representing different features of the picture. When the sharp and unvaried lines which formulates the borders of the closed gate in the picture symbolizes the strength against which the weavers fought, on the other side the calligraphic lines with which the weavers are drawn adds life and feelings to the etching.The support which the roughness of the strength provides to the context of the etching is quite evident. The impacts of the hardship faced by the weavers are well supported by this roughness and it reflects the mindset of the weavers as well. The curvatures of the etching similarly are quite expressive enough for the viewer to understand the relevance of the work.The darkness which reflects in the etching, leads the viewer towards the life and times of the period which is depicted. The hardships and the poverty of the weavers arse about in this darkness. Kollwitz has ensured to bring that darkness in the faces of the weavers which well represent the dullness they had in their lives. The gradations in the art inspire the viewer to think on the weavers tendency for prosperity and a better life.The composition of the features is quite oppressive as the balance and the symmetry of the work is understood by the viewer at the woo of few moments. The stretched hand and the hand offering a stone to it prove the harmonious relation in between the features and the historic reality which relates to the background of the chaste work . Thus the diagonals prove to thrust each other. The child in the

Dating and Mating Relationship from Christian Standpoint Essay

Dating and Mating Relationship from Christian Standpoint - Essay ExampleThe procedures taken by the current generation have left them with bewilderment, pain, and sexual sin that they have had to encounter in spite of their best objectives. Reasons for such occurrences are pointed out in the subsequent be text.The amalgamation of sex organs for two persons that are sexually active for insemination purpose is referred to as copulation. The process consequently results in an internal fertilization process. In the contemporary world, men and women engage in a process of looking out for spouses with the aim of getting into marriage (Burton, 2010). However, the process raises numerous questions. The Christian pietism professes that selection of a companion according to the Bible teachings should assist in securing an individual a perfect match for his or her values. Even though the scathe dating and mating are not found in the Bible, Christians are looked with some guiding principles that they should adhere to prior to getting married.Whenever an individual is strongly connected in a relationship, be it mating and dating relationship, he or she should endeavor to acknowledge the Lord. In addition, individuals should adore and respect each other solely in a similar manner they do to themselves. The condition is certainly spot on for a dating or mating relationship. Biblical principles present a perfect way of having a secure basis for a dating or mating relationship

What Is Electrical Engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What Is Electrical Engineering - Research Paper ExampleElectrical engineers are continuously putting their efforts to improve discourse surrounded by people by designing easy to use communication technologies, such as, cell phones and notebooks. Electrical engineer not only facilitates long distance communication but also serves the world in many other areas related to technology. Therefore, we can say that galvanizing engineering is one of the major fields of engineering which is playing a considerable role in technological progress all over the world. What Do Electrical Engineers Do? In the present world, electrical engineers are putting their efforts in solving electricity shortage problems by identifying and designing new electricity generating systems. Electrical engineering mainly deals with the generation and statistical distribution of power and maintenance of large power systems (Dhulipala). Some of the major fields related to renewable energy systems in which electrica l engineers break really shown their potential, knowledge, and skills let in generation of hydropower energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy.Electrical engineers design new electronics, which they also test for quality and reliability. The engineer is often responsible for overseeing the installation of the product to ensure it is installed right and safely (Partington). ... Electrical engineers mainly deal with the production of electricity by designing circuits. An electrical engineer has many potential job functions but almost work on designing products that are powered by or produce electricity (Partington). One of the tasks of an electrical engineer would be to develop electrical system products for household uses or for business uses (Shipway). Electrical engineers design different electricity-based products, which serve people as well as countries. Electric products, such as, televisions, radios, ready reckoner systems, mobile phones, laptops, audio and video systems all involve the input of electrical engineers. Let us now get an overview of some of the major technological developments, which could have been impossible without input of the efforts electrical engineers. Electric Cars Electric car is one of the major developments related to the field of electrical engineering. An electric car is a fomite that makes use of batteries and electric motors instead of gasoline engines. The batteries are rechargeable and control the main parts of the cars. Some of the most considerable features of electric cars include much(prenominal) reliability, convenience, less noise, up to 500 hundred percent more efficiency as compared to internal combustion engines, regenerative breaking system, and no emission production. There is no emission of fuels from electric cars because they do not use gas for any purpose. Compared to the internal combustion engines, electric cars provide up to three times more stored energy to the wheels. It is due to these benefits that today electric cars are becoming more and more popular in

Advisor critique including executive summary Essay

Advisor critique including executive summary - Essay ExampleThe business sector idea of putting an urban salon in the Park Street is a good idea to complement the other high-end establishments in the district. Also, the surrounding business environment in the Bristol area offers a look at of opportunities to the market.Looking at the market study of The Funk, however, the company proves to lack an in-depth study of the market from which it will determine its sales forecast, and subsequent favourableness and sustainability of its business operations. collectable to this, the company cannot set a clear objective for the business, then create a viable marketing strategy in order to make the business profitable and sustainable.There are also some items in the profit and loss statement that warrant much scrutiny such as drawings. The purchases whitethorn also be overestimated or underestimated because it is based on a forecast that is not backed by data to justify it.Although all in al l, the profitability of The Funk cannot be truly assessed due to inadequacy of information, the weaknesses in the companys business model proves to have significant impact on the companys future sustainability of operations. These weaknesses can be relative disadvantages to the company which could undermine its profitability in the future.The personal grooming industry is one of the thriving industries for the current as medias influence in culture, as it puts heavy emphasis on personal appearance. The idea behind The Funk which is a trendy salon situated in the Park Street is a good one, to complement the other high-end establishments in the district.The idea also aims to cater to the younger consumers in the Park Street. The urban theme to reinforce the desired motion-picture show of the brand, as well as being consistent with the other neighboring establishments is a good business idea.Using the PEST analysis, we try to look at the environment of The Funk as we try to identify t he various forces that may directly and indirectly impact it. After we have identified the

College Learning Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

College Learning Experience - Es submit ExampleHaving spent a couple of months in the university, I am confident to say that the experience has already altered my outlook in life and has somehow enriched my maturity. Through my interaction with my classmates and professors, I am now more receptive of the non-homogeneous ideas presented in the classroom and have also learned to distinguish those which are helpful and those which are of less significance. Armed with the little knowledge and skill I have learned so far, I am more determined to finish college and pursue a degree in nursing. The decision to take up nursing is based on my assessment of strength in biological sciences and my desire of sharing my innate passion of enlightening and caring for people. With a high level of maturity, interest in learning, and time management skill, the first semester proves to be fruitful indicated not only be the higher grades that I am earning besides by my social and moral growth.

The relationship between the socio-economic characteristics Essay Example for Free

The relationship between the socio-economic characteristics EssayThe aim of the fieldwork is to analyse the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the resident population and the tincture of the residential environment at heart different parts of Durham City. The quality of the residential environment will be closely related to socio-economic factors and that the higher status areas will lie towards the border of the urban area, meaning that the get along out from the CBD I go the quality of the residential areas will improve.Looking at the layout of the areas I believe that I could al-Qaeda the area Robsons model. Robson based his model on Sunderland so the River Wear had to be taken into account, this river also runs through Durham but his model showed that as you went further from the centre that the class of living increased. Robson found that a mixture of concentric circles and sectors that identified the urban zones formed the framework to Sunderla nd.One thing to note is that a great dominance of areas of low and medium class housing were found more centrally than that of the higher class of living found on the outskirts. In each ward each group will survey a single street, they will walk the length of each street and record the quality of the residential environment by scoring each street according to the penalty points system.

Schools Website Development Template Essay Example for Free

works Website development Template EssayEducation in its broadest, ecumenic sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people sustain from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative center on the track one thinks, feels, or acts. Wikipedia defines a website, also written as Web site, web site, or simply site, as a delineate of related web pages containing content such as text, images, video, audio, etc.A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a net profit such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All creationly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. A prepare website is any website built, designed, and maintained by or for a drill. Many school websites share certain characteristics, and some educators have stimulateed guidelines to help schools create the best and most usefu l websites they can.Now a days, website becomes an educational tool, some international schools like Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), American Herbrew Academy (Greensboro North Carolina) uses website for their school. Locally, like University of the Philippines, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, De La Salle University, Ateneo De Manila University and may more university in the Philippines has their school website. This study focuses in two Municipality Botolan, Zambales and Iba, Zambales.We government note that some of the schools in Botolan and Iba, have their website but most of them do not especially the elementary schools and public high schools. We come to an idea to develop a web development performance wherein a school can create their school website in the easiest way and even if they have no technical background in web programming/web develoing. Background of the Study The study focuses in schools in Botolan and Iba, Zambales. We noti ce that some of the schools in Botolan and Iba, have their website but most of them do not especially the elementary schools and public high schools.So we come with an idea to develop a website development application for schools, this study aimed to help public schools in Botolan and Iba or even private schools to provide them an application wherein they can create their school website in an easy way. The schools can create a link where in they can post some news articles, school calendar etc. The proposed takes Website emergence Template aims to provide an application for schools in creating a website in an easy way.This application provides a friendly user interface so that the creator of the website can create a website without any technical background in web programming/web developing. Statement of the Problem The researcher treasured to know the effectiveness of the schoolhouses Website Development Template. This research needs to provide answers to the following questions 1. What is the profile of the respondents with respect to 2. 1 Name 2. 2 presidency affiliated with 2. 3 Position 2. 4 Numbers of Years in Service 2.What is the level of effectiveness of the Schools the Schools Website Development Template be described in terms of 3. 5 Reliability 3. 6 Functionality 3. 7 Operability/Usability 3. 8 Performance 3. 9 Maintainability 3. 10 Traceability 3. 11 conceptual Framework The researcher aimed to develop Schools the Schools Website Development Template for schools. This Software is a website content management software where in a ordinary teacher can make their school website without any background in web developing.Input Profile -Name -Organization affiliated with -Numbers of years in service Perception towards * The Schools Website field of study vigilance Software As to Reliability Functionality Usability Performance Maintainability Traceability Output The Development of The Schools Website Content Management Software Process Survey Questio nnaire Interviews Statistical Tools Likert Scale System Quality Frequency Mean t-Test . Scope and Limitation The Schools the Schools Website Development Template has the capability to a.The Schools the Schools Website Development Template can provide a template with an application where in they can develop a website for school. b. The website created by the Schools Website Development Template cannot be update online. c. The website created by the Schools Website Development Template can create, remove and update a link for the website. d. The website created by the Schools Website Development Template can create their header and baby-walker for the website. e.The website created by the Schools the Schools Website Development Template has the ability to upload a banner for the school. (jpeg file) f. The website created by the Schools the Schools Website Development Template has the ability to upload icon in every link created. Significance of the Study Schools Website Content Manag ement Software will benefit and provide to the following individual Current Students. They can access the schools announcements read some school news articles can update schools activities through school calendar. Interested Enrollee/Incoming Students.They can open the website to have an appropriate information about the school. They can view offered courses online so that they can choose a course for them. Student s Parents/Guardians. They can also use this website, so that they can view the school activities by recital and articles posted in the website. School teacher. They access the website and download the template at the same time the web development application wherein they can make website for their school in an easy way and even they dont have any technical background in web developing.

Traveling in the New Kingdom of Egypt Essay Example for Free

Traveling in the New landed estate of Egypt EssayLife on the track to Thebes is hard for any unitary, not the least for a foreigner from the land of Egypts former enemy. Not that it makes much difference if you have money. The poor crack the rich take horses or camels. If you are walking along the roads and are suspected of being a foreigner, be prepared to be harassed. As for me, I am fortunate. I am neither poor, nor rich for I have some skills of value. These skills I would consider modest in comparison to the force conquests of other men which have defined most of my life.My name is Jakarob, the son of a stone mason from the land of Syria, but that land has long been given over by my family. The Hittite invasion swept away my fathers house. As a result, I received very little knowledge of stonemasonry and instead, survived by learning the art of languages such as Akkadian, Sumerian, and Egyptian. My knowledge of the surrounding theatrical roles, languages, and eventual journey into Egypt has made me a valuable asset to the court of Pharaoh Ahmose I.The caravan I resigne with is apart of a group of professionals answering the request of the pharaoh many of them have military expertise. These men are like me in ancestry. We are Semites who came crosswise the Sinai into the land of Egypt seeking refuge in the land of Egypt from the Hittites. Our kings are referred to by the Egyptians as Hyksos, or rulers of foreign lands (Kishlansky, p. 22). We settled throughout the land of Egypt, taking up their customs, traditions, and assimilating into their culture. My father was among the first Semites to arrive in Egypt and settle.However, regardless of how assimilated our people have become in Egypt, we will never fully be genuine as Egyptian. To them we will always be foreigners. The most important innovation our people brought to the Egyptians was military technology, and hence the reason the caravan I am in consists of primarily military men. Before the Semites, the Egyptians had an army which was not very mobile. We introduced the chariot, along with a variety of tactics associated with using the chariot in combat. Then almost 1552 B. C. E., Ahmose I was able to expel the Hyksos and begin again the reign of Egyptian pharaohs (p. 23). Now it seems that no matter what Ahmose does, he will never get rid of his need for Semite military expertise, not to mention translators like myself. The chariot has become a symbol of Egyptian power, and in order for them to continue authoritarian local dissenters, the pharaoh must rely on our knowledge of chariot methods and tactics. Personally I have no qualms with helping the pharaoh build his base of power. Life at a lower place the Egyptians is much more preferable to life under the Hittites.Before coming to Egypt, my family spent a number of years fleeing the Hittites in Babylon and southern Mesopotamia. In this region I learned how to use the character administration of writing of cuneif orm and the language of Akkadian (p. 14). With this knowledge I was also able to learn how to write characters in my native tongue of Sumerian. The reason for this similarity I learned was that for over a thousand years, scribes used the same symbols to write not only in Sumerian but also in the other languages of Mesopotamia, such as Akkadian, Babylonian, and Persian (p.15). Thus, culturally the peoples of Mesopotamia and Egypt share a common link in their system of languages. In contrast, the Hittites do not share in this cultural similarity. Instead, they originate from the Indo-European people with writing traditions vastly different than the cuneiform system. At one time, part of the Hittites land was of the Akkadian Empire under King Sargon and the Hittite influence was minimal (p. 16).Alas, that time has long since past, as well as the later decimal point in which the Babylonian Hammurabi ruled his strong empire and prevented the Hittites from forming theirs. Over a period o f time, Hammurabis successors were unable to deter the rise of the Hittites, and Babylon was overrun. Now on the road to Thebes, the threat of Hittite invasion is very far away. The Sinai desert protects Egypt from incursions by Hittite chariots. Egypt is a land of great wonder and ancient power, for the reign of the pharaohs has stretched subscribe for generations.The source of Egyptian power comes from multiple sources, including religious authority, strong government bureaucracy, and the magnificent pyramids. Each of these pillars of Egyptian strength supports the other. King Zoser, the founder of the Old Kingdom who built the first of the pyramid temples, the Step Pyramid at Sakkara, could not have done so without an efficient bureaucracy and religious legitimacy (p. 21). Likewise, the pyramids honor a pharaohs power and religious significance, for the pyramids is the resting place for pharaohs in the afterlife.In other words, the pyramids strengthen the image of the living ki ng by honoring the carnal remains of his predecessors (p. 21). This focus on the afterlife is partially the reason for their early downfall. As I make each step closer to Thebes, I remember about how the focus of Ahmose I have changed since his predecessors. Men from a multitude of backgrounds can contribute to the pharaohs court, even peasants (p. 22). I have no question my contribution will expand its power and that the second rise of Egypts power has just begun.

A Report Of The Nervous System

A Report Of The offensive SystemThe report atomic number 18 divided into deuce parts. first we will be trounceing some the Organization of the Nervous System, that includes the Peripheral Nervous degreeation, and the Central Nervous system, then we will move on to the nous and Behavior part, where we will start to talk about the brain and listing heap the three major regions of the brains, and how each brain has its own parts unalike than the other regions, even though they ar totally located in the brain.In this report, you will find in produceation about organs or neuronic systems bring in the human personate, beginning with the definitions, describing its anatomical social organisation and functions in the be, illnesses or disorders that affects that part in the body.Part 1 Organization of Nervous SystemIntroductionThe Nervous System is a world in itself, weve learned only the little tidbits of its secrets, but there be many of what we still do not k promptly, and in this section of the report, we will try to line the anatomic configuration of the nauseating system, its division and branches, and the function of each part of it, and the problems resulting in every part.The communication in the nervous system is essential to behavior. If youve wondered how you argon aw be of the elements in the environment surrounding you, you hear with your ears and see with your eyes, and be aw ar of many things by touching and smelling and tasting, following this awareness a response coming from you, so you move or talk or touch and hold things. You receive the influential in a very picayune time, and this can be done by the nervous system, moreover, the nervous system controls the other organs that bends voluntary such(prenominal) as holding up things or the involuntary such as musical rhythm respect.Nervous System chartNervous system sectionsThe nervous system are divided into two main divisionsPeripheral Nervous System.Central Nervous System CN S. (the brain and spinal anesthesia cord)First comes first. We will start with the peripheral nervous system.The peripheral nervous system is made up of all those nerves that lie outdoor(a) the brain and spinal cord. Nerves are bundled of neuron fibers (axons) that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system.The peripheral nervous system are made off nerves and neurons that sends and receive information to and from the brain.The peripheral nervous system are subdivided into two parts, the autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.Let us bring a look at the involuntary Nervous System.Autonomic Nervous SystemThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) is made up of nerves that connect to the sprightliness, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands.The autonomic nervous system function is to maintain the internal environment of the human body in a stable state, sometimes called homeostasis. Maintaining and balancing the internal environment by controlling splanchnic orga n functions that people dont normally think about. like heart tramp, blood pressure, digestion and perspiration.The Autonomic nervous system mobilized bodily resources in times of need. Just as its name, this nervous system workings automatically, without the control or conscious of the individuals, these which we do not directly control are like closing your eyes, the increase of heartbeat, drive or produce saliva by stimulating our salivary glands.For example, right when you first experience fear, the Autonomic nervous system will start and work on to control the involuntary, visceral functions that are difficult to control consciously. How it does it work when you see something frightening or threatening your life, and happens to throw fear into you, your heartbeat yard will rise, sweating, pupil dilation, goose bumps and increased respiration.Even thought the Autonomic nervous system works unconsciously, we can sometimes be aware that our heartbeat rate has increased.One of the first psychologists to study this reaction is Walter Cannon (1932). He referred it to as the fight-or-light response reaction. Cannon monitored this response from cats after confronting them with dogs. From his observation on the cats response, he concluded that what prepares generally any organisms physiologically for attacking (fight) or fleeing from (flight) the enemy is the response to a threat, or when faced to danger.Illness and diseases affecting the Autonomic Nervous SystemThere are diseases and illnesses affecting the autonomic nervous system, make a disorder in the system, which this disorder effects the controlling of the heartbeat rate and blood pressure of the body that can lead into causing serious problems to the patient, some of these disorders can be life-threatening when they affect the public discussion or heart function of the patient.Some of these diseases are Diabetes, Alcoholism and Parkinsons disease. Disorders made by the diseases can either affect the whole system, or a part of it.The Sympathetic and para good-hearted nervous system cleavagesThe Autonomic Nervous System are subdivided into the Sympathetic division and the Parasympathetic division.The Sympathetic DivisionThe sympathetic division is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the bodys resources for emergencies.As we stated before, the sympathetic nervous system is a sub part of the Autonomic Nervous System. This system is responsible for controlling functions that mobilize the bodys resources beneath stress, such as the fight or flight response, and the other energy generation forms as well.Not only the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body when faced with stress or emergencies, but it also serves other racy purposes. Example, if you stand up after being setting down for a eagle-eyed period of time, your blood pressure will raise, else you may fall unconscious. The sympathetic nervous system also works in increasing your heartbeat rate a nd perspiration during exercises.Diseases affecting the Sympathetic nervous systemA disease affecting the sympathetic nervous system known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). The signs of this dieses are the heightened sensitivity to heat and cold, excessive sweating, and limbs being warm to the touch. The causes of this dieses are not confirmed, but its seems to be associated with some forms of nerve injury.The Parasympathetic DivisionLike the sympathetic, it is a sub part of the Autonomic Nervous System, and most what the parasympathetic division controls are visceral and involuntary organs, such as breathing and blood pressure and heartbeat rate, But it differ from the sympathetic division in its activities. The parasympathetic division are responsible in controlling the body organs when in an relaxed or normal state. Some of its activities when the conditions are met, and those condition can be met when the person are calmed and relaxed, is reducing the heartbeat ra te, slow down the respiratory rate, increases perspiration and salivation and smaller eye pupils.The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions activities are the opposite of each other, but they work together to maintain stability in the body when a certain external condition are met and calls for the division that are responsible to act in such situation. Much like an auto accelerators and brakes.The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System are responsible of controlling the whole body, regulating the functions of the body. The Central Nervous System are the control center of the body.The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The Central Nervous system lies within the skull and the spinal column, protected by enclosure sheaths known as the meninges, additionally, the central nervous system is covered by the cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion for it. Ventricles are the h ollow cavities in the brain that are filled with CSF.Diseases affecting the central nervous systemdiseases and infections of the central nervous system are many, some of these diseases are Alzheimers disease.The Spinal Cord and The BrainSo we know now that the Central Nervous System consists of two things, the brain and the spinal cord. Let us have a look at these two organsThe Spinal CordBasically, the spinal cord is an extension of the brain. The spinal cord are located at the back of the body and are enclosed by the backbone Vertebral column, running from the base of the brain to below the waist, and are covered by the meninges.The spinal cord connects the brain to the whole body through the peripheral nervous system, conducting sensory information to the brain from the peripheral nervous system, And from the brain, the spinal cord works on conducting motor information to the glands, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. The Spinal cord also serves as a minor reflex center.The s pinal cord consist of bundles of axons, and these axons halt out the commands from the brain to the peripheral nerves, that relays sensation from the periphery of the body to the brain.Spinal Cord InjuryInjury to the spinal cord can damage it, causing a partial or full paralysis to the body. Injury can be a result from a car accident or from a serious fall, or any other form of injury that damages the spinal cord, like a gunshot.The BrainThe brain is the part that of the central nervous system that fills the upper part of the brain. The brain is enclosed by the skull. The average weighs of the brain are 1.3 kg, three pounds, and contains billions of nerve cellular phones that links and relays information in and outside the body, Such as coordinating the body actions and movements, talking, thinking, remembering, planning, creating and dreaming.The brain are covered by the meninges, moreover, the brain contains bundles of axons, that works on receiving sensory information from its own nerves, as well as from the spinal cord.Brain InjuryInjuries to the brain can be the result of a car accident, or any other form of damage or hit directed to the head. Childrens or infants can possibly get a brain injury if shaken violently.Part 2 The Brain and BehaviorIntroductionThe Brain, and how it controls our behavior. All of the body movements, thinking, dreaming, talking, remembering, feeling, and any other actions, are controlled by the brain. The Brain is the control room of your body. From the brain, commands are issued and sent to the whole body, and these commands are carried out, in and out by the nerves.In this part of the report, we will shed some light on the brain, and how every region in the brain has functions different than the other regions, even though they are located in the same organ.The Three Regions of the BrainThe brain has three regions, The Hindbrain, the Midbrain and the forebrain. The location of the three regions are the same, but differ in func tion and size of region. The Forebrain is taking the largest portion of the brain, then comes the Hindbrain, and smallest is the Midbrain.Structure and Areas of the BrainThe HindbrainThe hindbrain includes the cerebellum and two structures found in the lower part of the brainstem the medulla and the pons.The controlling of essential body function and process, such as heartbeat rate and respiration, is the Hindbrain responsibility. An significant part of the Hindbrain, the brainstem, controls functions such as swallowing and breathing, and any other critical functions that affect the life of the living being.The Medulla are attached to the spinal cord, controls unconscious vital functions, such as blood pressure, heartbeat rate, swallowing, breathing and coughing. The Medulla works without relying on the thoughts of the person, It works by itself.The pons, sometimes called the Bridge, because of its form of structure which looks like a bridge connecting mingled with the medulla and the cerebellum. From its structure form, we can know that it works on sending signals to and from the cerebellum and the cerebrum, a part located in the forebrain. The Pons contains clusters of cell bodies that helps in controlling movements and sleep.The Cerebellum, which means Little brain in Latin, Is a large and a folded structure located rear lower portion of the brain. The case of the cerebellum is providing feedback and fine-tuning for motor output. The cerebellum controls movements and smoothing them up, such as when you bring up your hand and smoothly bring your finger to a s cabbage on your nose, and how you walk, and every action or movement that people make without any thinking about them or concentration, are coordinated by the cerebellum.The MidbrainThe midbrain is the segment of the brainstem that lies between the hindbrain and the forebrain.The Midbrain, The smallest region of the brain regions, are responsible for visual and auditory and motor system information s tation. motor and sensory functions are directly controlled by the midbrain. An Important system of dopamine- releasing neurons, which originates in the midbrain, projects into various high centers of the brain.Conscious, voluntary movements has dopamine system are involved in their performance. Degeneration or aggravate in dopamine synthesis is associated with Parkinsons disease.The reticular formation, which are located at the central core of the brainstem, is the structure that runs through the hindbrain and the midbrain. The reticular formation add together in the modulate of breathing, reflexes and pain perception.The ForebrainThe forebrain is the largest and most complex region of the brain, encompassing a verity of structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.The three structures, the Thalamus, hypothalamus and the limbic system, form the core of the forebrain. The location of the three structures are near the top of the brainstem. The cereb rum sits above the three structures. The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain, is the wrinkled surface of the cerebrum.So now we know that the Forebrain, which takes the biggest portion of the brain, and the biggest of the three regions, consists of four structures, the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic system and cerebrum. Let us have a quick look on each structure and its activities and functions.The ThalamusThe thalamus is a structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex.The Thalamus which is located at the top of the brainstem, is responsible for relaying sensory information to a particular part of the cortex, and regulating motor control. It also works on receiving information and signals from various brain areas, such as auditory, visual sensory, and samotosensory signals.The HypothalamusThe hypothalamus is a structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs.

The Challenges Faced In Employee Motivation Commerce Essay

The Challenges Faced In Employee Motivation Commerce EssayOne inquiry that is frequently asked by managers in m either organisations is How do I motivate my emloyees? The concept of need is complex with numerous researches carried out and various theories put forward-moving in establish to explain and attempt to pick up it. Many definitions exist for want, bargonly the common definition is that pauperism is a pychological process within an several(prenominal) that drives a certain behaviour to achieve ascertain goals. Currently, motivation is a source of frequent debates and is an issue of great signifi shadowce and concern for both employees and organisations. Whilst reliable information systems and the latest technology argon important, in todays expanding service industry, employees remain the most precious assets in any organisation. How well employees perform and their commitment at serve be crucial factors to the success of their organisation and in todays modern w ork, where on that point is increasing competetion worldwide, organisations simply can non afford to have a de prompt workforce or even lose good employees to poor motivation. therefore, motivation of much(prenominal) employees is an essential role of any manager, yet it is in any case amongst the most challenging tasks to perform efficaciously. Managers essential(prenominal) take placely understand and be aw atomic number 18 of the sort of factors that define motivation of their workforce beca substance abuse, by doing this, they are able to focus employees efforts to work efficiently and effectively to achieve desired goals of the business. Managers must in addition be aware of the fact that to each one employee is different and unique in their own sense, hence they lack to keep back account of these variations when motivating them.According to the Self-Determination Theory (2), a useful way to understand the concept of motivation is to divide it into extrinsic and in herent motivation. foreign motivation relates to motivation coming from others and the environment, where the individual behaves in a certain way in order to get whateverthing (e.g. pay) or because of external pressures (e.g. managers instruction). Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, relates to motivation coming from within onself (3), where the individual acts in a certain way because of and actual interest in the act itself (e.g. satisfying need for competence). Frederick W. Taylor, the father of scientific management, had greatly influential views about motivation of workers. He believed that paying employees game wages, which is one of the sources of extrinisc motivation, was a sufficient incentive to motivate them to work harder and be more than productive (find ref). This was possibly the case when organisations generally only sought compliance from their employees, and extrinsic rewards provided by managers were an easy answer to problems with staff motivation and en suring they did their work and followed the rules properly . However, in todays world and in the modern piece of work, where employees are expected to self-manage and have more responsiblities, issues with motivation have become much more complicated and demanding. Motivating staff is indeed a difficult taks and is normally easier said than done. Currently, many organisations are motivating their employees by using extrinsic motivators such as financial incentives. However, this is not always sufficient to maintain the right level of motivation, as it only satisfies them indirectly. For this reason, employers need to also pay attention to intimate motivators, which serve to satisfy the direct postulate of the employee, and consequently encourage better performance on a particular task. Monetary incentives and other extrinsic rewards are no longer sufficient to maintain staff motivation since employees are now required to show more commitment and creative thinking (1) . This, in tu rn, would think on deeper sources of satisfaction that are more meaningful to the employee that extrinsic rewards would generally fail to offer on their own. In todays work setting, intrinsic rewards have a vital part in staff motivation these include psychological rewards such as recognition and a sense of appreciation, which provide employees with a greater incentive for higher productivity and achievement. For most, if not all employees, financial security is a strong motivator and will remain as such for a long time, plainly managers must be aware that it stops to be the only motivator at some point, and even could stop to be a motivator all together depending on an individuals circumstances and variations.The different factors that can motivate the employee in the workplace can be expressed as need entirey which subsequently become motivators for greater productivity when they are fulfilled. Different things can motivate different people and be given different priorities. Th e manager must identify and then fulfill the needs for the employee, in order to form an environment in the workplace that encourages motivation. The various needs and expectations at work can be categorised into extrinsic and intrinsic motivationEXTRINSIC MOTIVATORSINTRINSIC MOTIVATORSSalarySense of challenge and achievementJob securityReceiving appreciation progressPositive recognitionContract of serviceGood treatmentWork environmentGrowth and advancementSocial interactionResponsibilityHealth benefits inessential motivation relates to actual rewards such as salary, security, promotion, contract of service and work environment these are oftentimes outside the control of an individual manager intrinsic motivation relates to psychological rewards such as the sense of challenge and achievement, receiving appreciation, electropositive recognition and good treatment at work these can usually be determined by the actions and behaviour of the individual manager(4). These sources of sati sfaction differ from an individual to an individual and between different circumstances. They are interlinked, and therefore, cannot be isolated from one another, but must be used as a combination of motivators in an organisation.MOTIVATIONAL THEORIESFor many decades, theorists have been trying to understand what motivates an individual to behave in a certain manner in the workplace. However, this is a subject that has seen many conflicting debates as some researches believed that individuals do not lack motivation but certain incentives that motivate them are missing, while others argue that motivation originates from within the individual regardless of the environment and other external influences (9). Theorists have researched the subject of motivation by addressing two main concepts. First is the field of motivation itself, which concerns factors within the individual and the work environment that define and shape certain motivated behaviour. cooperate is the process of motiva tion, which concerns the perceptive process that an indivdual has for motivation in a specific setting. This has led to the development of numerous content and process thoeries about motivation in the workplace.CONTENT THEORIESIn the 1940s Abraham Malsow, a psychologist, create the concept of Hierarchy of unavoidably (10), which later became one of the most popular and influential theories of motivation. He proposed that there are five levels of needs that existed in a specific order, and that each level must be satisfied in turn in order to motivate the individual to satisfy the need at the next level. His argument was based on the fact that Individuals always had the desire for more, and for an individual to be motivated to pursue the next step, the needs at the previous level have to be fully satisfied. Therefore, certain lower-order needs needed to be fulfilled onward other higher-order needs became motivators for the individual. According to Maslows model, these needs are ph ysiological needs (basics for survival, e.g. food or water), safety needs (physical and emotinal safety), societal needs (sense of love and social belonging), lever needs (sense of recognition, respect and value) and self-actualisation (achieving ones full potential) (11).(rbs full)In the context of the workplace, there are potential ways that could satisfy an employees needsSelf-actualisation includes providing challenging tasks that would promote creativity and evolvement.Esteem needs includes recognition, praise, social status, self-respect, delegating responsibility and accomplishmentSocial needs involves social interaction, group work and pariticipation.Safety needs include trade security, financial savings and living safe working environment.Physiological needs include providing adequate breaks during work and a salary that allows workers to afford life essentials (4).There are a number of identified problems in applying Maslows system to the work place. In reality, other areas of life, beside work, can add to the individuals satisfaction, therefore the manager needs to also have knowledge of the employees life outside work. Also, the fact that individuals are different means that they place different values on the same need and that some rewards at work can satisfy more than one need, and not necessarily satisfy one need at a time (4). Additionally, it was criticised for having a slopped order of needs which possibly would not apply to everyone, because priorities are likely to vary in different individuals and even for the same individual over time (11). In spite of all these problems, Maslows hierarchy of needs model has been widely utilised in many organisations as a orchestrateline for managers to use to motivate their employees. It provides a valuable insight for managers about the general needs that individual employees have, and what can be used to motivate them (12).In 1972, Clayton Alderfer further developed Maslows Hierarchy of Needs mo del by grouping the different levels of needs in the hierarchy into three sets in his ERG (Existence, Relatedness and Growth) possible action. He placed the lower-order needs, physiological and safety, into humanity needs social and esteem needs into the relatedness needs and finally, the self-actualisation need into growth needs. In addition, Alderfer put forward a regression supposition to accompany the ERG theory, which states that when higher-order needs are not met, the individual will work harder to satisfy the lower-order needs in order to increase their chances of fulfilling these higher needs (21). For instance, an employee who is having difficulties satisfying their sense of full potential would then probably put more effort into increasing their pay through promotion in order to maximize their chances of achieving what they want.(20)However, according to (11) a common problem with both Maslow and Alderfers models of motivation is that they contain having descriptions o f needs that are too vague, particularly safety and esteem needs, which would essentially cause difficulties to managers in see them and using them to provide certain opportunities for motivating their employees.In 1961, David McClelland created the Acquired Need Theory which is based on three motivational needs including achievement, affiliation and power. He express that all of the three needs are normally present in an individual to a certain degree, but only one of them usually dominates. Thisis variety of motivational needs characterises a persons or managers style and behaviour, both in cost of being motivated, and in the management and motivation others.Another theorist, Elton Mayo, has made epochal influences on the concepts of human relations and motivation, through conducting large studies of workers in an electrical company in the United States between 1924 1927. His findings accentuated the importance of teamwork, communication and positive recognition on staff mo tivation. His studies have also led to the creation of a model called The Hawthorne Effect which shows that the degree of interest shown by the manager has a positive influence on an employees job performance (5). However his model has been criticised for placing too much emphasis and reliance on social contacts within the physical composition on employees job performance (6). Nevertheless, the impact of Mayos research was huge, as it opened doors for further research into the subject of motivation by other theorists.Frederick Hertzberg (1959) developed a two factor theory based on findings from a study conducted in the U.S. through interviews with employees from different industries, in which they were asked about specific things that pleased or displeased them at their workplace. From this, Herzberg realised that there were two different sets of factors, where one set caused satisfaction and the other one caused dissatisfaction. One set of factors, called hygeine or care factors are concerned with the work environment they do not precede in higher level of motivation, but there absence would result in demotivation. These include extrinsic motivators such as salary, security and work environment. The second set of factors are the motivator or growth factors which are concerned with content of the job itself they result in increased motivation if present. These include intrinsic motivators such as positive recognition, challenge and a sense of achievement. His research also concluded that some factors overlapped both sets but had a stronger emphasis in one of them.(7)The size of the bars represent the degree of concern that each of the factors has on job motivation or dissatisfaction. The reason why the bars for achievement and pay look different is because they both offer short term satisfaction, as there is a continuous need to search for them to lead to satisfaction.This theory has been frequently criticised by many researchers for its limited applicatio n and possibly biased methodology. However, sojourn from pg 266 on bookFurthermore, it has been noted the theory does not allow for individual differences, such as particular personality traits, which would affect individuals unique responses to motivating or hygiene factors.4The theories of motivation that were put forward more than half a century ago are still evident and widely utilised in todays banking industry. Based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs model, banks are constantly attempting to sustain a good level of motivation amongst their staff by understanding and fulfilling employees needs. At the physiological and safety needs levels of the hierarchy, basic needs such as food, shelter, warmth and safety are all provided by working in any bank through paying salaries and having a safe environment to work in. In terms of social and esteem needs, banks recreate these by creating opportunities for employees to interact with each other and work in teams in addition to good recogn ition of achievements through praising the employee or giving a bonus pay, both of which are only a few methods out of many more used by banks to give the employee a sense of value and appreciation. In terms of self-actualisation, banks meet this need by offering promotion opportunities to the employees, and giving them the chance to progress in their careers. The motivators that banks offer also cover the hygeine and motivator factors that were put forward in Hertzbergs motivational model.Expectancy theory is a general theory of motivation that is based on the concept that individuals are influenced by the perceived results of their actions. It argues that there are a number of inter-linking factors which determine the strength of an individuals motivation, such as the efforts expended, the expectation that rewards will be available, and that these rewards will be linked to their performance. In other words, the individuals level of motivation will depend on their perceived expecta tion that it will lead to the desired outcome. This theory has been approached by several different writers, namely Vroom, ostiary and Lawler (HRM book). Vrooms expectancy theory is based on three factorsValence the perceived gratification from a result.Instrumentality the degree to which a first level (performance-related) outcome, e.g. high productivity, leads to a second level (need-related) outcome, e.g. promotion.Expectancy the connection between a selected course of action and its expected outcome.The combination of valence and expectancy defines the level of an individuals motivation. Vrooms theory has been further modified by Porter and Lawler, to develop which takes account other factors besides motivation that could influence performance. These factors include individual skills, characteristics and role perceptions. These theories help managers to understand the nature of human behaviour and the complexity of motivation in the work setting in addition to helping them r ecognise any problems with individual performance. They emphasise that managers should pay particular attention to factors such as an employees effort and performance, and use rewards whenever it is appropriate in order to maintain a good level of motivation amongst the employees additionally, managers are advised to create methods of evaluating employees performance as a way to ensure that their workforce are constantly motivated.The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) offers its employees a piece of land called Total Reward (rbs full). Besides salary, this includes flexible working hours, health and medical benefits, lifestyle benefits such as shopping vouchers, and certain financial products at exceptional rates. It also offers monetary incentives such as bonus payments based on profit-sharing and individual-performance schemes in addition to non-monetary incentives through recognition of good performance based on personal development plans, where the employee is given the opportunity for promotion. RBS gives the employees the chance to work flexibly through a variety of working practices including job sharing, compressed hours and home-working. In 2004, RBS won an award for its flexible working-hours program in the workplace (find ref). This enabled employees to achieve a work-life balance by choosing working hours that fit around their personal lives, which would have a positive influence on the employees commitment at the workplace, and in turn results in better overall performance. This was highlighted in Elton Mayos studies on staff motivation in the 1920s that showed that staff tended to be more motivated and productive if they were feeling comfortable and satisfied with their work environment.In 1963, John Adams developed the Equity theory which is concerned with the employees perception of fairness in the workplace, in terms of treatment received compared to co-workers on the basis of inputs and outcomes. He argued that fair treatment is highly precious by individuals, and the feeling of inequity may have a negative influence on their performance. There are a number of factors in the workplace that play an important role towards the feeling of equity including pay, promotion and recognition. Employees would expect equal treatment based on their contributions and performance compared to other co-workers. This would subsequently result in a sense of satisfaction and would strengthen their relationship with the organisation and the team of employees, all of which is important for their motivation.Edwin Locke put forward a Goal theory of motivation in the 1960s, which is based on the idea that individuals goals have a significant influence on their performance. He argued that individuals who have specific and challenging goals set for them, to which they are committed to, would generally perform better, as they provide focus and motivation for the employee on the task given. The performance of the employee is further enhanced if this i s coupled with clear and constructive feedback of the results, which provides greater focus and gives the employee a greater sense of satisfaction and motivation for the tasks set.In the 1960s Douglas McGregors developed Theory X and Theory Y, which are theories that define two different approaches towards motivation in the workplace. Theory X implies an authoritarian management style, where the employee is often regarded as relatively unambitious, lacks responsibility, tends to avoid work and change, and is often in need for some kind of direction at work in order to perform and progress. So in order to achieve the organisations goals, managers would conform to a stringent attitude towards the employee, in which they would often rely on threatening techniques of punishment to force the employee to comply with the organisations goals. Based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs model, McGregor argued that most employees in this environment would only seek to satisfy their lower needs, such as money however, since they are already satisfied they will not be a sufficient motivating tool for any longer. Therefore, this kind of management style would most definitely produce poor results in terms of staff motivation, and ultimately meeting the organisations objectives. For this reason, McGregor put forward a Theory Y, which assumes a participative management style, where the employee is considered to be self-motivated, responsible, ambitious, and that they genuinely enjoy working. According to this theory, managers believe that employees are self-directed and motivated to perform well at work. This creates a work environment where managers are able to exercise delegation, collaboration and responsibility in finis making amongst their workforce. In this Theory Y environment, most employees are encouraged and driven to satisfy higher level of needs such as esteem and self-actualisation, which are not fully satisfied and would therefore keep them motivated for higher perform ance and productivity at the workplace.(8)McGregors model has been criticised for being too rigid and quite unrealistic in the way it depicts management and employees as being one of either two extremes in the workplace. Nevertheless, his theories continue to provide a guide to managers about the fundamentals of management styles, and the importance of maintaining a positive attitude to staff motivation, where employees feel that they are well-treated and valued as part of the of the organisation.