Air Pollution :: essays research papers

What is Air PollutionAir Pollution contamination of the atmosphere by catalysteous, liquid, or solid wastesthat can endanger the health of human beings, plants, and animals, or that can damagematerials, reduce visibility, or produce undesirable odors.Air Pollution StatisticsEvery year, more than sixty-six million tons of poisonous gas is emptied into the air,twelve million tons of hydrocarbons1, six million tons of nitrogen oxides, one hundred fifty special K tons of aldehydes2, and five hundred thousand tons of sulfur compunds. Approximately 80% of our air pollution comes from hydrocarbons released by vegetation.What Causes Air PollutionAir pollution is ca apply by many things such as car fumes, burning of fossil fuels,furnaces. By letting all these gases release into the air, it makes it harder to breathe. Ozone can cause part of your lungs to close off and make it harder to breathe.The tall smokestacks used by industries and utilities do not remove pollutants butsimply boost the m higher into the atmosphere. These pollutants may then be transportedover great distances, causing untoward effects such as acid rain in areas far from theemission site. The worldwide increase in the burning of coal and oil since the recently 1940shas led to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. The resulting greenhouse effect hasreduced the escape of infrared radiation from the earth, causing a possible global warmingtrend.The Prevention of Air PollutionTo cut down on all the pollution being released into the air, we have removed thepollutant before materials are used, removed the pollutant later on it is formed, or altered theprocess to lower pollutant levels produced.

Tension in Witchs Money Essay -- Witchs Money Essays

Tension in Witchs Money In John Colliers Witchs Money, the stranger who of a sudden appears in a remote mountain village in Spain is initially seen by Foiral as an unwelcome madman. Certainly his surrealist description of the landscape must seem a symptom of insanity to one unfamiliar with the trends of modern art. Once he offers a nice sum of money to buy Foirals house, however, the stranger is toughened with a new attitude. He is still not completely accepted by the community that he has moved into, however he does wield a new type of power simply because only he can produce cash from paper billets. With his magic cheques, though, the stranger creates a tension that grows into an scotch struggle between himself and his community. Even worse, the stranger unknowingly creates a conflict among the natives of the town who have been a united group. Ultimately, because of the power that the witchs money brings into this community, the people of the town -- once happy and content - - are destroyed, and so is the community as a whole. Despite his unconventional art, this stranger is a misbegotten missionary for the decadent values of Western civilization, and with his money he brings the disease of capitalism to the innocent village. One of the first signs of a struggle between the stranger and the community arises when the villagers express their suspicions about him. They seem to think that the stranger is fabricating details in order to hide a secret perhaps. For example, Arago points out that the stranger claims to have come from Paris but also that he was an American (67). The fact that the stranger has no relations adds to the towns suspicions. More importantly, though, Foiral and the town are skeptical about t... ...e to him (75). Thus, at the end of the humbug the townsfolk laugh at Guis as they march to the bank to demand their money. Guis, they believe, has nothing while they have a remarkable treasure in cheques. critical do they know that dis aster awaits when they demand payment for their blank cheques. When their demand is refused, their little town will no longer be happy and content. Moreover, their seek to cash the cheques will lead to the discovery of the artists murder and the ruin of the village. The doors of prison will swing shut upon them as quickly as the doors of the bank do. only in reality the village has already been ruined, its innocence destroyed by the capitalistic power of witchs money. Works Cited Collier, John. Witchs Money. 1939. Short Story Masterpieces. Ed. Robert Penn Warren and Albert Erskine. New York Dell, 1958. 61-75.

Enlightenment: The Light Bulb Of The 1700s :: essays research papers

Enlightenment The Light Bulb of the 1700sThroughout history many people have interpolated corporation with their ideas andactions. Two philosophers whose ideas and actions changed society are Voltaireand John Lock. Martin Luther and Galileo similarly changed society.John Lock and Voltaire both fought for basic human rights. Voltairefought for basic religious freedom. He claimed that if immortal created the Catholicreligion and god loves all people, then why does the Catholic religion have theright to torment other religions. As a result of this, Voltaire was exiled.John Lock also fought for human rights. He thought that government shouldprotect the people. John Locke and Voltaire both spoke against a major power.Voltaire spoke against the church while Locke spoke against the government. Thus,change began occurring in both the church and government. John Locke andVoltaire changed society, because now people were beginning to challengeauthority. John Locke influenced Thomas Jeffer son because Thomas Jeffersonbelieved in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.Martin Luther and Galileo both disagreed with current things that thechurch believed in. Martin Luther said that the only way to atone for your sinswere through prayer and contrition. In his 95 Thesis he established thatsalvation is within oneself and that psyche faith in God is very important .But the church did not see it that way. The church believed that the only way toatone for your sins were through indulgences. Indulgences were pay for theremoval of your sins. Martin Luther was later excommunicated from the church.Galileo also disagreed with certain things that the church believed in. Galileoproved Aristotles system wrong about gravity. One night during dinner, Galileopicked up two pieces of fruit of anisometric size. He then dropped them andestablished that they dropped at the same rate. The church had believedAristotles theory. Aristotle said that the two pieces of fruit of unequal size would drop at different rates. Although his theory might have been correct, he

What The Human Genome Revolution Could Mean For Me And The Rio Grande V

What The Human Genome Revolution Could Mean For Me And The Rio Grande Valley The pitying genome revolution will have as big an partake on the average person as it does on the scientist researching it. Millions of people throughout the world will pull ahead from this experimentation. Understanding genetic material and the ability to apprehend errors in genes, may lead to the pr even outtion of many genetic diseases. The ultimate goal is to use research to develop new ways to treat, care, or even prevent the thousands of diseases that afflict humankind. Although the scientific community delivers many contributions to this scientific accomplishment, the road to a new age of disease free human life is eagle-eyed and rocky with struggles and disbelief. Whether inherited or resulting from the bodys response to environmental stresses, all diseases have a genetic component. The advances in this field hold an sensitive future for treating and curing genetic diseases. Scientis ts can do this by using normal genes to supplement defective genes and to bolster immunity to disease. In the Rio Grande Valley, an area predominate by Hispanic ancestry, many genetic diseases, such as diabetes, are common illnesses suffered by many people. According to the Mendelian Laws of Heredity, diabetes is an inherited disease, resulting from a recessive allele trait and affecting millions of people throughout the United States, especially people of Hispanic origins. When the body cannot make full use of some foods we eat, mainly carbohydrates of sugars and starches, a large gland under the stomach called the pancreas does not make available enough insulin to burn these foods as energy or sto... ...ent of most, if not all, human diseases. The human genome revolution affects the Rio Grande Valley and myself because it will help to treat and prevent genetic diseases that others and I may be afflicted b y. This research is important, especially to couples, because every botch up born merits a chance in life in a disease free world. The research is also significant to those who suffer from diabetes they too deserve a life free of physical illnesses and constant medical care. In my life, I personally know and love many people that have been impact by these genetic diseases and helping them receive treatment will be the greatest gift of love I could ever offer. I know there are also many people that feel the same, because everyone has a special person in their life, a family member, friend, peer or acquaintance that will benefit from this remarkable research.

Toni Morrison Essay example -- Biography Toni Morrison Author Essays

Toni MorrisonIn the mid twentieth century, the Civil Rights Movement influenced African-American writers to indicate their opinions. Most African-American writers of the time discussed racism in America and social injustice. Some authors sought to teach how the institution of slavery affected those who lived through it and African-Americans who were backup at the time. One of these writers was the Toni Morrison, the novelist, who intended to teach people about all aspects of African-American life present and past. In Beloved like all of her novels, Toni Morrison apply vivid language, imagery, and realism to reveal the interior life of slavery and its vestiges which remained in African- American life. Toni Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18,1931 in Lorain, Ohio to George and Ramah Willis Wofford. She was the second of four children. Her parents influenced her writing because of their differentiate views. Her father had a very pessimistic view of hope for his pe ople however, her mother had a more positive belief that a person, with effort, could rise supra African-Americans current surroundings (Carmean 1-2). Her parents also influenced her because they were gifted storytellers who taught their children the value of family history and the vitality of language(Carmean 2). Toni Morrison graduated with honors from Lorain High School. She went to Howard University where she majored in English Literature. While at Howard, she changed her denomination from Chloe to Toni. Toni Morrison went to graduate school at Cornell University. She earned a Bachelors degree from Howard and a Masters degree from Cornell. Toni Morrison met Harold Morrison, her husband, at Howard University where he was an decorator student. Toni Morrison and Harold Morrison later divorced. Though they had two sons. Their first son was Harold Ford. Slade Morrison, their second son, helps Toni Morrison in her writing of childrens books.Toni Morrison has held many jobs as a writ er, teacher, and an editor. As a teacher, she taught planetary composition and literature classes at Howard University. Some of her students at Howard were Houston Baker and Claude Brown. At Yale University, Toni Morrison taught creative writing and African-American literature. As an editor, she worked as senior editor at Random House in New York City. She worked her way up to that position from... ...using realism and vivid language. Morrison had cast a new perspectives on the nations past and even suggests- though makes no promise- that people of strength and courage may be able to achieve a somewhat less erosive future (Bakerman 173).Works CitedBakerman, Jane S. Toni Morrison. American Women Writers. Taryn Benbow-Pfalzgrat. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit, MI St. James Press, 2000.172-174.Carmean, Karen. Toni Morrisons World of Fiction. Troy, NY Whitston Publishing Company, 1993. 81-100.Johnson, Anne Janette. Toni Morrison. Black Contemporary Authors A Selection from Contemporary Aut hors. Eds. Linda Metzger, et al. Detroit, MI Gale Research, Inc., 1989.411-416.Mobley, Marilyn Sanders. Toni Morrison. The Oxford Companion to African American Literature. Eds. William L. Andrews, Frances Smith, and Trudier Harris. New York Oxford UP, 1997.508-510.Toni Morrison. Literature Resource Center. Feb. 2004. Gale Group. 8 Apr. 2004. http//galenet.galegroup.com Toni Morrison Uncensored. DVD. Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2003. Works of Toni Morrison. Big Chalk Library. Jan 1990. Big Chalk. 8 Apr. 2004.http//library.bigchalk.com

El Greco Essay example -- Essays Papers

El GrecoThe Agony In the Garden, a mannerist style of art by EL Greco, proclaims a sense of spectral power of religious faith which accomplishes El Grecos aim to move hisaudience. El Greco was born on the island of Crete and lived from 1541 to 1614. Herepresented the most characteristic auspicate of Spanish foible. El Greco wasinfluenced by and became acquainted with the art of Titian and Jacopo Bassano in Venicewhere he studied in 1566. In addition to visiting Italy, El Greco made his panache to Rome,Parma and probably Florence. On his travels he became more familiar with the work ofParmigianino and the work of Correggio. In El Grecos use of form can be seenFlorentine Mannerism. Venetian Mannerism can be seen in the peculiar brilliance of hiscoloring. The plans for the construction of the Escurial and the discussion of works of art being selected by Philip II, probably attracted El Greco to Spain. However, El Grecofailed to satisfy the Italianate tastes of the King. He l ived virtually uninterruptedly in Toledo from 1575 on. In Toledo he formed friendships with men of advanced beliefs andhumanist interests. The monastic, from which his prime commitment came, were refulgent todecorate their churches and cloisters with his elevated visionary paintings. El Grecopaintings bordered on a supernatural world of creative fantasy. Most of his paintingssurvive in a bite of copies painted in his own hand. El Grecos studio whichemployed a large number of assistants also produced many contrasts of his works. People were very prying about his paintings with their unusual setting and flickeringimpressiveness.In The Agony In The Garden there ar two planes displayed in the art work thatare disconnected by a few bare branches that contain fugitive leaves. The upper planeconsists of the vision of Christ set against a large lean with a few trees. Christ is kneelingin a reddish-purple robe, with hands stretched out toward the ground. He turns toward the float ing angel who is painted in pearly greys. Behind the angel, on the go forth are spinning clouds. Preceding from an outline of an imaginary town, on the right, aresoldiers carrying flags. The inconceivable impression of the picture is due to the contrast of not only loving and cerebral but in terms of colour- between the two planes and their figural content as w... ...were able tocombine themselves in the melting pot of the European public and benefited most formthe prudent principles of their times. A Baroque painter even conserved his nationalcharacteristics.Baroque made use of characteristics of the Mannerist style by engaging and futurematuring them. There was more unity in Mannerist styles outweighing ideas and morevariance in its forms of presentation. Classicism, however, was piercingly against everything mutual to Mannerism and the Baroque. It condemned Mannerism in someunstable terms, with all its integrity and corruptions.The master, such as El Greco were forgot ten, but that taste in art could not behidden forever. Mannerist art came back to life after it had been dead for a few centuries. It fist came back to life with the discovery of El Greco and others. BibliographyBousquet, J. (1964). La Peinture manieriste. Neuchatel Haraszti-Takacs, Marianne. (1968). The Masters of Mannerism. Corvina Press. Hauser, A. (1964). Der Manierismus. Munich. Sherarman, J. (1967). Mannerism. London. Wolf, R. and Millen, R. (1968). Renaissance and Mannerist Art. Harry N Abrams, Inc.

El Greco Essay example -- Essays Papers

El GrecoThe Agony In the Garden, a mannerist style of art by EL Greco, proclaims a sense ofspiritual top executive of religious faith which accomplishes El Grecos aim to move hisaudience. El Greco was born on the island of Crete and lived from 1541 to 1614. Herepresented the most characteristic figure of Spanish Mannerism. El Greco wasinfluenced by and became acquainted with the art of Titian and Jacopo Bassano in Venicewhere he studied in 1566. In addition to visiting Italy, El Greco made his way to Rome,Parma and in all likelihood Florence. On his travels he became more familiar with the work ofParmigianino and the work of Correggio. In El Grecos use of form can be seenFlorentine Mannerism. Venetian Mannerism can be seen in the peculiar brilliance of hiscoloring. The plans for the construction of the Escurial and the discussion of works of art being selected by Philip II, probably attracted El Greco to Spain. However, El Grecofailed to satisfy the Italianate tastes of the King. He lived virtually uninterruptedly in Toledo from 1575 on. In Toledo he formed friendships with men of advanced beliefs andhumanist interests. The monastic, from which his prime commitment came, were glad to prune their churches and cloisters with his elevated visionary paintings. El Grecopaintings bordered on a supernatural world of creative fantasy. Most of his paintingssurvive in a number of copies multi-colored in his own hand. El Grecos studio whichemployed a large number of assistants also produced many contrasts of his works. People were very curious somewhat his paintings with their unusual setting and flickeringimpressiveness.In The Agony In The Garden there atomic number 18 two planes displayed in the art work thatare dislocated by a few bare branches that contain fugitive leaves. The upper planeconsists of the vision of Christ set against a large rock with a few trees. Christ is kneelingin a reddish-purple robe, with hands stretched out toward the ground . He turns toward the floating angel who is painted in pearly greys. Behind the angel, on the left are spinning clouds. Preceding from an outline of an imaginary town, on the right, aresoldiers carrying flags. The inconceivable impression of the picture is due to the contrast of not only passionate and cerebral but in terms of colour- between the two planes and their figural content as w... ...were able tocombine themselves in the melting pot of the European populace and benefited most formthe prudent principles of their times. A Baroque painter even conserved his nationalcharacteristics.Baroque made use of characteristics of the Mannerist style by harming and futurematuring them. There was more unity in Mannerist styles outweighing ideas and morevariance in its forms of presentation. Classicism, however, was piercingly against everything mutual to Mannerism and the Baroque. It condemned Mannerism in someunstable terms, with all its integrity and corruptions.The Master s, such as El Greco were forgotten, but that taste in art could not be transcendental forever. Mannerist art came back to life after it had been dead for a few centuries. It fist came back to life with the discovery of El Greco and others. BibliographyBousquet, J. (1964). La Peinture manieriste. Neuchatel Haraszti-Takacs, Marianne. (1968). The Masters of Mannerism. Corvina Press. Hauser, A. (1964). Der Manierismus. Munich. Sherarman, J. (1967). Mannerism. London. Wolf, R. and Millen, R. (1968). reincarnation and Mannerist Art. Harry N Abrams, Inc.

Cialis Insead Swot

Case-Study Cialis. This report will be aimed at a SWOT analysis of a new product to treat vertical dysfunction, Cialis, produced by the joint venture Lilly ICOS. Strength Cialis is more efficient than other products already sold on the food market and has less constraints Weaknesses * Lilly ICOS has very low financial funds compargond to Pfizer. * The time needed to introduce a new drug on the market is high because it has to be tested to be sure its non dangerous. The time needed to induce doctors to switch and suggest a new drug for the same health problem * ICOS has no experience in launching new drug product Opportunities * People who mystify already tried Viagra and are dissatisfied with it are an easy target. Indeed, these people already talked about the problem to a doctor in the past and these people are still looking for a solution. This dissatis accompanimention can be due to the fact the product is not working, or for round inconvenience issues, eg. onsumers cannot eat too fat otherwise Viagra has lower effect. Cialis does not have these constraints. * Viagra is not used a lot by European. The market would thus be easier to penetrate. Threats * The main product used to treat ED is Viagra, produced by Pfizer, has been dominating the market for years and is already known worldwide by consumers. * To penetrate the market, Cialis has to convince two targets the chosen consumer group only also the doctors who prescribe the drug. There are issues concerning the culture of the target. Depending the country, the consumers are less keen to talk about erectile dysfunction to their doctor. Suggestions To penetrate the market with Cialis, Lilly ICOS should definitely not attack Viagra by the front because the group is too well known and has to higher financial ressources. Another strategy would be to bypass and attack a niche but the benefits would be lowered The best strategy according to me would be to attack Viagra by flank.Cialis has to attack the w eaknesses of Viagra looking why it losts consumers. * We have to focussing on geographical regions where Viagra is not well implemented. In this case, Cialis would better introduce its product in Europe than trying to do it in US. * Then, Cialis has to convince both targets the consumers and the prescriptors. * According to the country, the prescriptors are not the same while in US, France and UK it is mainly the family doctor, in Germany, Italy and Spain, people consult a specialist.According to the country, Lilly ICOS should convince the intimately consulted physicians to propose patients who are dissatisfied with Viagra to use Cialis instead. * The consumers are a second barrier. They could be reached with advertising with a less dramatic environnement. ED problems have to be considered as common and normal as headache in order to make it easier for them to talk about it to their doctor. These advertising would made play some actors between 50 and 60 because the ED affect peopl e aged in this area.

6 Steps India Can Take to Help Rape Victims Essay

The outcry over the brutal gang rape of a young woman in New Delhi blend month has not only brought into focus the issue of violence against women in India but has also sh champion a light on the way the countrys criminal justice schema frequently fails rape victims. There were 24,206 rapes dealed in 2011 by the National Crime Records Bureau, equivalent to one rape every(prenominal) 20 minutes. While some(prenominal) a(prenominal) Indians argon calling for changes in the law such as capital punishment for rapists and new legislation to protect women, many civil rights lawyers disagree. They say India has good gender laws already, but they need to be strengthened and enforced. The following is a list of six steps India can tackle to ensure rape victims receive adequate administer and assert and that blue-belly justice is delivered, compiled from interviews with law, lawyers and human rights activists.1. GENDER SENSITISATION & MORE FEMALE POLICE manage most large organisatio ns in the country, Indias patrol force is male-dominated only 6.5 percent of officers are women. Deep-rooted patriarchal beliefs mean the police force, like many other institutions such as government bodies or parliament, is often seen as insensitive to the issues faced by women. Gender sensitisation training as good as increasing the number of female police officers in India will help change attitudes within the police force, activists and lawyers say. This would also help ensure victims complaints are treated seriously and sympathetically.2. MORE POLICE ACCOUNTABILITYThere have been numerous cases of girls and women being turned away by the police when they try to report a rape officers do not precede the crime seriously or they blame the victim. In many instances, the largely underpaid, overworked police officers have infinitesimal interest in registering or investigating a gender crime that can take years to reach judgment. Sometimes, if the accused is powerful or wealthy, police can be influenced into taking no action. Activists say current methods of filing complaints against the police are cumbersome and difficult for the average Indian. A simple tool should be set up to channel and address public complaints and police should be penalised or suspended if found guilty of dereliction of duty, they add.See more(prenominal) Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay3. GUIDELINES FOR SUPPORT OF RAPE VICTIMSIndia has no formal protocol in place for medical or psychological support of victims. They are often not given adequate treatment for injuries or infections, let alone counselling. Cases have been reported of traumatised victims who are made to go from one government hospital to another for medical examinations or who are forced to sit for hours in bloodied clothes after the assault. Activists say there needs to be a standard protocol across the country to examine and treat rape victims, such as the World Health Organisations guidelines for medico-legal care for sexual assault victims.4. STRENGTHENING RAPE INVESTIGATIONSA failure to invest in the police force has left many officers lacking the expertise and resources unavoidable to conduct adequate investigations, resulting in weak evidence and low convictions. Lawyers say the handling of forensic evidence such as fingerprints, hair or boom samples a key component in rape cases where the onus lies with the prosecution to prove the rape is often collected, transported and stored in a careless manner. The core competencies of the police need to be strengthened and officers must be given training and resources to carry out their work, lawyers say. Standard operating procedures for conducting investigations need to be applied across the country, they add.5. FAST-TRACK RAPE COURTSOne of the biggest impediments to gaining justice for rape victims is the lengthy duration of the trials, awyers say. A lack of prosecutors, judges and courts mean that an average rape cas e can take five to 10 years to get to the judgment stage, leaving victims or other witnesses vulnerable to intimidation or unwilling to pursue such protracted court trials. The Delhi gang rape has fuelled demands for special fast-track courts to deal with crimes against women, but some lawyers say not only are such courts costly but that swift justice does not always mean just justice. Some legal experts add that India needs to invest more in the legal and judicial system and concentrate on hiring of thousands more judges and prosecutors.6. WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAMVictims and witnesses can be intimidated by the accused, who in some cases is granted security by the court, even though rape is a non-bailable offence. As a result, victims can feel pressured into accepting illegal out-of-court settlements such as a downhearted cash payment. In more extreme instances, the victims family is pressurised into marrying their daughter to the accused.

Seoul Urbanization

The cosmos of the metropolis increases because people from rural areas and overseas migrate to the urban areas in handsome numbers, averaging 7. 6 per cent per year (United Nations Population Division, 2001). Increasing of population in many big cities may causes serious problems even in advanced countries. capital of South Korea, the chapiter city of South Korea, which more than 11 millions of population, has grown rapidly into a metropolis since the end of Korean War (Kim, 2005). Over population in capital of South Korea creates many problems such as traffic congestion and lack of housing.This essay will discuss about two issues caused by increasing number of population in the city. The first is traffic congestion in capital of South Korea and policies to decline this problem and the second is lack of housing and solution by the government. Traffic congestion is one of the most serious problems in Seoul because of a large number of vehicles in the city (Asianinfo. org, 2000). T he increasing number of population in an urban area produces a plentiful number of passenger gondolas on the road. Approximately amount of cars is 2. 8 million (Mok, 2007).In Seoul, the statistic shows that one out of three citizens has a car (Zhang, 2010). This situation brings a big pressure to the traffic in the city. The congestion issue causes a distress of travel to metropolitans. Due to this serious problem, the Seoul metropolitan government has created the key throwaways to solve the traffic congestion. The first measure is to reform the metropolitan transportation system. There are many kinds of transportation in Seoul such as bus, subway and taxi. Under the revolution and reform of transport system, the government has developed bus services according to route demands.In addition, the extension of subways and governance of exclusive median bus lane make easier and cheaper for passengers to transfer between buses and subways (Jin, 2005). The other measures are policies an d encourage drivers to reduce traffic volume. For example, the governments measure which encouraging drivers to avoid using of private vehicles for one day of the five-day working week and Seoul Car Free Day campaign which the parking very much of public organization are compulsory closed and drive people to use public transport (Mok, 2007).The government is also searching for a naked measure to address the issue of traffic congestion and benefit the megacitys residents (Cohen, 2009). Apart from traffic congestion, lack of housing is also an important issue caused by population growth in Seoul. Since the end of the Korean War, the nation has focused on increasing only the output within industry (Seoulsouthkorea. jimdo. com, n. d. ) This is the reason for encouraging many people to move into urban centers. A lack of housing for the majority of the new residents has been resulted by rapid urbanization.This is one product of rapid urban development. The influx of population increase s need for housing infrastructure. For example, during the last few years there have been approximately twice as many households as houses. Those who squeeze out find no houses must become squatters and construct shanties and this cause emergence of slum areas in Seoul. The government has an urban development activity with the purpose to realise and relocate squatters from parks and green zones to the outskirts of the city.The measure of Seouls government is to allocate houses for the residents which named as Citizen Apartment Building Program (Lee, 2000). Under this program, the government constructs low-rise apartment buildings for squatters and low-income groups. The apartments are intended to be cheap to build and buy. In addition, the government produces low-interest loans that make buyers purchase more easily. In conclusion, urbanization in Seoul began at the end of war. With a rapid growth of the city, Seoul is one of the largest cities in the world with a large amount of p opulation.It can be seen from above examples that increasing number of population in Seoul causes serious problems such as traffic congestion and lack of housing. However, the government has attempted to address the problems with uniform plans and policies.

Just war Essay

Wars atomic number 18 not new to the world, they were with the society and may re important until the end of this world, or even be a reason to this world, if there is no timely decisions among all living in this world. War is one end of any conflict. ?Just war is a specific concept of how warf be might be justified, typically in accordance with a particular situation, or scenario, and expanded or supported by reference to doctrine, tradition, or historical commentary. The war amid devil states may be result for several reasons.Territories, boundaries are the major reasons for the wars between nations. Seas, rivers, channels etc are also the source of source of wars. With the development of nations and development of intellectual thinking and concept of just war slowly the intensity of wars has decreased. Now a-days all the countries are trying to have Balance of Power which can safe guard from other nations. Now the wars are mainly by the bigger countries on the smaller countrie s and the weaker ones are not in a position to defend themselves.This also brought the question whether the wars are just? To maintain peace in this world two Organizations were established, in that first of that kind was League of Nations. . The First World War occurred during 1914-18 due to greediness of Germany. This created huge loss in persons and economy thought-out the globe. To avoid wars in future, Britain, France, America thought to have a World Organization to check and stop the conflicts and wars. As a result of lengthy discussions, and the Treaty of Versailles 1919, was concluded between the member-states.League of Nations was established in 10-01-1920, as a result of a World War strictly speaking it was an a child of war. The main function of League of Nations was to avoid and maintain peace in the world, and it was require to do all that lay in its power to achieve that ideal. There was a check on the size of armaments. The members of the League were required not to g o to war without exhausting all the pacific means for the settlement of disputes.

Foreign aid vs. International trade Essay

outside(prenominal) attend vs. international commerce is a long lasting debate as to which strategy leads to the greatest level of sparingal get aroundment. Foreign concern is defined as any assistance that is given to a region not provided through normal foodstuff forces. in that location are many forms of attend to, from humanitarian emergency assistance, to food aid, military assistance, etc. Development aid has long been recognized as crucial to help worthless create nations evolve out of poverty. International quite a little is the exchange of in force(p)s or services across international borders. sparing development as defined by AmartyaSen, 1998 Nobel prize laureate, requires the remotion of major sources of unfreedom poverty as well as tyranny, poor stinting opportunities as well as systematic social deprivation. (1)In 1970, the worlds affluent countries agreed to give 0.7% of their GNI (Gross National Income) as official international development aid, ann ually. Since then, these sufficient nations rush rarely met their actual promised targets. The US is oftentimes the largest presenter in dollar terminusinuss, but ranks amongst the lowest in terms of meeting the stated 0.7% target. The two charts below, reproduced from the OECD publications (2012) shows aid granted in constant dollars and as a percentage of GNI. Both halt the conclusion experienceing the failure to meet agreed upon aid commitments and the level of decreasing donations. (2)Billions have been donated, but it appears that Africa which has received the most aid bears a continent impoverished.As Dambisa Moyo in the Wall Street Journal writes money from rich countries has trapped many Afri rout out nations in a cycle of corruption, s pull down economic growth and poverty. Cutting off the flow would be far more beneficial.the insidious aid culture has unexpended African countries more debt-laden, more inflation-prone, more unguarded to the vagaries of the currenc y markets and more unattractive to higher-quality investment. Its increased the risk of civil conflict and unrest .. sanction is an unmitigated political, economic and humanitarian disaster. (3) Wall Street Journal, March 21st, 2009Over the past 60 years at least $1 one thousand thousand of development aid has been granted to Africa. And unfortunately real per-capita income in 2014 is less than it was in the 1970s. More than 50% of the population over 350million people die hard on less than a dollar a day, a figure that has nearly doubled in two decades (4) Wall Street Journal, March 21st, 2009In 2005, the International Monetary Funds report concern Will Not Lift Growth in Africa. concluded that establishments, donors and campaigners should be more petty(a) in their claims that increased aid volition solve Africas problems. (5)Historically Asia was underdeveloped too. Yet various policies by governments to enhance international workmanship have resulted in many Asian countr ies i.e. Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Singapore achieving spectacular economic growth and along with it, higher standard of living for its citizens. Dato Kim Tan, the co-founder and trustee for the Transformational Business Net lean (TBN) wrote ontogenesis up din Asia, I saw the Asian tiger economies that 30-40 years ago had a lower GDP than Uganda or Kenya, transform themselves through enterprise, not through aid and philanthropy.(3)Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda and that fields first democratically elected president wrote There is bad aid and there is good aid. The bad aid is that one which creates dependencies, as weve known for a long time now. But good aid is that which is targeted to create capacities in people so that they are able to live on their own activities. In the long-term they have to depend on themselves rather than depend on aid.(4)Poverty cureThe issue to be addressed is whether impertinent aid achieveslong-term growth and development is it a positive or negative catalyst to economic well being. And the corollary to this statement is whether international trade is a better alternative to economic achievement.Trade TheoryThe historical basis for concluding that there is gain from trade originates from David Ricardos work Principals in Political Economy and Taxation. The historical context of the time was the protectionist English corn laws, restricting wheat imports. Ricardos conclusion, arrived at by his theory of comparative degree proceeds, showed that countries could benefit if theyspecialized and promoted free trade.Figure 1 Comparative Advantage untaught A has an absolute production advantage of both goods A and B because it can produce more of these goods. Since the PPC is not parallel we can presume that the opportunity cost are both different. As a consequence specialness and mutually beneficial trade can occur. Country A has a comparative advantage in the production of good B and Country B has a comparative advantage in the production of good A. Country B PPF curve has a lower slope therefore its comparative advantage of production is the good on the horizontal axis.To establish a policy of international trade, governments need to develop programmes that require important changes in the society. For example, states must develop competitive market economies cand on environmental sustainability, infrastructure, establish a stable currency, a transparent political framework and legal system, security, and educated existence as prerequisites.Good A= Capital GoodsGood B= Consumer GoodsFigure 2 PPF curve with purifyd production via exportsCountry A allocates its resources to mostly consumption. Country C allocates its resources towards investment/capital goods. Countries that allocate their resources mainly in investment/capital goods are greater to have long-term growth than those countries who are more focused on consumption who are using up more current resources. With respect to Aid, money that is allocated to current consumption will not improve future conditions where as aid money allocated for such(prenominal) production of infrastructure, health, etc. will in the long run exhibit economic growth.Interestingly, randomness Koreas economic growth from the early 1960s to the late 1990s was one of the worlds fastest, and southbound Korea remains one of the fastest growing developed countries in the 2000s.This experience is known as the Miracle on the Han River. Like many underdeveloped societys, S. Koreapossessesno natural resources and suffers from overpopulation.In addition, the Korean War destroyed much of its infrastructure. The solution was South Korea adapting an export-oriented economic strategy.Remarkably in 1980, the South Korean GDP per capita was $2,300, about one-third of nearby developed Asian economies such as Singapore and Japan. In 2010 South Korean GDP per capita advanced to $30,000 almost thirteen times since 1980. (See two charts below on Ko rean Economic Growth and South Korean Economic Recovery after 1997.)It is acknowledged that the Korean GDP per capita in 1960 was lower than some sub-Saharan African countries. The growth of the Koreanindustrial sector was the principal stimulus to economic development. It is true that initially some foreign aid was granted by the U.S. given the contentious communist threat, nevertheless, it was from steadfast domestic government support and a move toward competitive markets and international trade that resulted in the investment of modern technology and newly built facilities at a rapid pace. The export to foreign markets and the plowing of the foreign currency back into further industrial expansion was the strategy for growth.In addition, this economic strategy suited South Korea given its poor natural resource endowment, low savings rate, and small domestic market. Labour-intensive manufactured exports, permitted South Korea to develop a competitive advantage. No doubt governmen t initiatives were essential to this process. The inflow of foreign capital was greatly encouraged to supplement the shortage of domestic savings. These efforts enabled South Korea to achieve rapid growth in exports and succeeding increases in income.(5) Finally, the later development of a unique multinational firm known as the chaebol family-controlled firms owning numerous international enterprises,enhanced Korean economic growth.There is strong cooperation with government receiving financial support and guidance i.e. innovation and research. Today of these multinationals are Samsung, Hyundai, and LG. Thus, it is evident that South Korean expansion and wealth for its citizenry has derived from the adoption of a competitive market manufacturing economy, and the development of a high-tech commercethat emphasizes international trade. Foreign loans, supportive government policies, and not aid have been the critical catalyst to such a Han miracle.Aid TheoryAid assists, mostly economi c which is normally provided to distressed communities or underdeveloped countries for the enhancement of their socioeconomic condition. Aid is linked to need, is often not linked to the ability to enhance trade. Trade can result in inefficient distribution of income while if aid is mishandled the distribution of aid will be unfair, with people being deprived of the benefits of aid and effect economic growth of the sylvan. Does Aid lead to the establishment of good infrastructure? Development aid is given by governments, i.e. the US being the largest aid donor in the world (As of 2010) and other organizations such as the World Bank. Aid to all countries in the world declined (2007, World Bank) An overview of a number of African countries that have been telephone receivers of aid will consider the use and allocation of the foreign aid, and assess the outcome of these donations upon the human race of the continent.One would note initially that there is a need for humanitarian aid to assist in emergencies and alleviate suffering but long term growth and development requires a different approach. Besides charity aid is a minimal portion of the over-all aid from governments. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, tally to a report by Transparency International, the Zairian president Mobutu Sese Seko (1965-1977) is listed as having embezzled at least $5 billion form the nation. (6) Transparency International In 2009, the spring president of Malawi Bakili Muluzi was prosecuted for stealing $12 million allocated for aid. And Zambias former president, Frederick Chiluba is under investigation for taking millions from money that was set aside for health, infrastructure, and education.Thus, these examples of corruption rick the opportunity for aid to assist the average African improve their conditions. Economic theory will emphasize that inefficiency will result from government intervention and in particular free funds. Bad government worsens the situation as they are often bureaucratic in addition to corrupt. The civil service is inefficient and vulnerable to cronyism which has consequence for responsible governance. Economic incentives are nullified and governments need not respond to citizen needs. Investors require transparency in government and business but such a prerequisite is notrequired when donations are the source of funds. Policies such as taxation can be deferred since donations flow in to the country. The priority is to remain in power. Africa continues to be the most unstable region. There are numerous examples of civil strife as exemplified by the current war in southerly Sudan and The Congo.According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Africa had a greater number of wars than elsewhere in the world. Obviously, such strife has immense impact upon daily life and thwarts any possibility of private investment. Aid thus fills the vacuum. As stated in his book, Dead Aid Why Aid Is Not on the job(p) and How Ther e is a Better Way for Africa, by D. Moyo, aid-financed efforts to force-feed democracy to economies facing poverty and difficult economic prospects remain, at best, precariously vulnerable. (7) Further severalize of endemic problems is observed in Nigeria. This government is one of the most mismanaged in Africa.For example, during the World Economic Forum of 2005 in Davos Switzerland, four state governors were being investigated in the U.K. for money laundering. Large amounts of aid are looted. Speaking at the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) meeting in Abuja, Nigeria, in December 2003, the former British secretary of state for international development, Lynda Chalker, noted that 40 percent of the wealth created in Africa is invested outside the continent. (8)Advantages and Disadvantages to TradeTrade provides development countries with an important base for their own improvement. Countries can develop their own strategies and outcomes to achieve their development ob jectives i.e. focusing on agriculture of manufacturing services. Countries are the determinants of their own economic destiny. One difficulty of trade is the international economic system imposes impediments i.e. trade barriers. The global market is not an international free trade market i.e. tariffs, taxes and subsidies, regulations and such restrictions operate to the disadvantage of the developing countries. The donor country puts restrictions on the recipient country i.e. the requirement for government transparency, human rights, political support at the UN or Ideological support. Japan gains support from small countries on whale killing/harvesting using trade.Developing countries have weak economic power to challenge economic injustices i.e. EU and ground forceshave large program of subsidies and economical protectionism.One argument states that trade is a foundation for international cooperationi.e. one country is the resources base and the other importing country is the manu facturing base. Trade would benefits those countries who are engaged in trade (based on the market). Trade relationships would result in a more equitable partnership and thus expertness be a catalyst for investment and growth.Developing country could receive direct foreign investments and the benefits that would sue from that, technology, employment etc. The result of this would lead to lower prices, greater choice, more efficient allocation of resources, foreign exchange and idea flowing between countries. Once getting passed trade impediments it can seen as long-term development strategy for a developing country. A summary of the advantages and disadvantagesAdvantagesA country may import things which it cannot produceMaximum utilization of resourcesBenefit to consumerReduces trade fluctuationsUtilization of surplus produceFosters international tradeDisadvantagesImport of harmful goodsIt may exhaust resourcesOver specializationDanger of starvationOne country may gain at the expens ive of anotherIt may lead to warAdvantages and Disadvantages to AidAid has been said to decrease the development for countries with their own improvement. Aid has many advantages but as it can be seen using examples such as African countries it can be seen that aid has decreased the development for countries. Countries can be giving aid for ethical reasons,if there was a natural disaster and were in need of assistance. Aid is based on need, aid permits to countries to contain their dignity because aid if often perceived as condescending. There are different types of aid, tied and untied. Tied aid is foreign aid that must be spent in the country providing the aid or in a group of selected countries. Untied aid is assistance given to developing countries, which can be used to purchase goods, and services in virtually all countries.Jeffery Sachs (UN advisor) argued that aid is important, it is essential to break the poverty cycle and a determinant of long term growth. His argument sta ted that poor countries are not wealthy because of diseases such as malaria, they need to remove problems such as disease because the free market will not due this.Giving of aid is perceived as an inducement to behave or support certain policies. Aid can be used as blackmailing or getting the upper hand on another country in order to gain their vote in the UN.William eastern (Professor of economics, NY university), aid does more harm than good, its often wasted, it inhibits peoples inventiveness, devising their old solutions. Aid is corrupt because its given to corrupt officials and often its fragmented that there is many donors and misallocations of the funds. Aid often comes with a lot of preconditions. Furthermore, aid has often come with a price of its own for the developing nations.Aid is often wasted on conditions that the recipient must use overpriced goods and services from donor countries. Most aid does not actually go to the poorest who would need it the most. Aid amounts are dwarfed by rich country protectionism that denies market access for poor country products, while rich nations use aid as a lever to open poor country markets to their products. Large projects or massive grand strategies often fail to help the vulnerable as money can often be embezzled away. proofIn conclusion, it appears that generally trade is more beneficial tolong-term growth and development than aid. African examples discussed are proof that aid is counterproductive and the road to economic failure. The opposite appears true. Those countries able to divorce themselves from aid dependency are more likely to succeed as evidenced by China, India, and even South Africa. A strategy of transparent government, efficient civil service to meet social needs i.e. education, incentives, entrepreneurship, the rule of law, patent protection, institutions to attract foreign direct investment by creating attractive tax structures and reducing the red tape and complex regulations for busine sses.Private capital investment into sustainable companies, with aid directly to community based non-profitable organizations is recommended. African nations should also focus on increasing trade, but there have been cases where rapid growth in international trade has led to bottlenecks and impediments to growth and development. There appears to be no panacea but one does conclude that in order to achieve economic, social, and political progress there are essential non-economic and economic prerequisites cultural (i.e. individualism, attitudes of personal achievement, hard work, etc.) political (i.e. transparent governments, stability, the rule of law,) and economic (i.e. infrastructure, communications network, merit goods i.e. education and health etc.).Each nation is unique with regard to trade and aid. The answer is not either or aid or trade .but accountable and transparent aid in conjunction with sustainable trade and honest and efficient government.Bibliography (Complete bib liography after check by Ms. Kerr)1. Amartya Sen. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford university press 2. http//www.globalissues.org/article/35/foreign-aid-development-assistance 3. wall passageway journal4. wall street journal5. http//www.povertycure.org/voices/kim-tan/6. http//www.povertycure.org/voices/president-paul-kagame/7. http//books.google.ca/books?id=_adMWevoEq0C&pg=PA137&dq=The+inflow+of+foreign+capital+was+greatly+encouraged+to+supplement+the+shortage+of+domestic+savings.+These+efforts+enabled+South+Korea+to+achieve+rapid+growth+in+exports+and+ later(prenominal)+increases+in+income.%E2%80%9D&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iZ7NUq7AIMTd2QWmyIHABw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAAv=onepage&q=The%20inflow%20of%20foreign%20capital%20was%20greatly%20encouraged%20to%20supplement%20the%20shortage%20of%20domestic%20savings.%20These%20efforts%20enabled%20South%20Korea%20to%20achieve%20rapid%20growth%20in%20exports%20and%20subsequent%20increases%20in%20income.%E2%80%9D&f=false 8. OECD Development Statistics Online , last accessed April 7, 2012 9. http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-2040514010. http//www.guesspapers.net/1593/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-international-trade/ 11. http//www.moeasmea.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=72&CtNode=263&mp=2 12. http//www.globalissues.org/article/35/foreign-aid-development-assistance 13. http//www.ryanallis.com/sustainable-capitalism-and-the-role-of-aid-vs-trade-in-prosperity-creation/ 14. http//www.cato.org/publications/economic-development-bulletin/african-perspectives-aid-foreign-assistance-will-not-pull-africa-out-poverty

Bureaucratic Management Theory Essay

Webers theory of bureaucratic management has two essential elements. First, it entails structuring an brass section into a hierarchy. Secondly, the organization and its members are governed by clearly defined rational-legal decision-making rules. Each element helps an organization to achieve its goals. An organizational hierarchy is the arrangement of the organization by level of spot in reference to the levels above and below it.For example, a vice-president of marketing is below the companys president, at the same level as the companys vice president of sales, and above the supervisor of the companys social media department. Each level answers to the level above it with the ultimate leader of the organization at the top. The easiest way to understand the term rational-legal decision making rules is to think of it as a set of explicit and objective policies and procedures that governs how an organization functions.Examples of rational-legal decision-making rules include human reso urces rules and policies or the regulations governing who is entitled to unemployment insurance. Bureaucracies are all around us this form of organization, which is comprised of non-elected officials who implement rules, is not only common in the public sector plainly in the business world as well. Examples of bureaucracies in the public sector include the Social Security Administration, Environmental Protection Agency and public universities.Among the oldest bureaucratic structures in the country is the United States Military. In the private sector, most astronomical business firms have a bureaucratic organization. Examples of private sector firms with a bureaucratic structure include IBM, GM and the Union Pacific Railroad. Knowing how bureaucratic management works can lead to a better understanding of how government activity agencies and large business firms operate it can assist you in interacting with complex organizations, whether it be seeking social security benefits or working for a large corporation.Max Weber Max Weber. Published in the US before 1923 and public domain in the US. Max Weber Father of Modern organisational Theory One of the most important thinkers in modern organizational theory, Max Weber (1864-1920), is the father of the bureaucratic management theory. Weber was a German sociologist and political economist that viewed bureaucracy in a positive light, believing it to be more rational and efficient than its historical predecessors.

Chinese Communism DBQ Essay

Communism in mainland China from 1925 to 1950 was a very interesting period in China, especially in terms of alliance among the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese peasants. Communism in China survived through the Japanese incursion and control of China during the Second World War. Based on evidence provided in the documents, the Chinese Communists and peasants both disliked and fought against landlords, the communists supported peasants in their fight against the Japanese, and made the lives of peasants over all better. One obvious relationship and similarity between peasants and communists is their hatred toward landlords.Direct evidence including instructions to local party officials (Doc 5) and a moving picture from Xinhua news agency (Doc 9) show the communists obvious bias to the peasants. The communists even created laws to overthrow the landlords, like the Agrarian revitalize Law (Doc 8). The peasants hatred was so strong, in fact, that they violently threatened the land lords to get nates all grievances (Doc 6). The communists were also confident and excited with the peasant movement that would overthrow landlords (Doc 1). The communists organized struggle meetings shown in a photo where peasants humiliated former landlords (Doc 9).

Effects of Jejemon Essay

Jejemons, are you one of them?Recently, someone tagged me in a weird photo in facebook showing JejemonI never knew that freakin word and didnt care until I saw on the news what they are, what it means and why the hell its being aired everywhere. Well, at least in Phil. This hub is only about Jejemon. What is Jejemon?What is Jejemon really? It was derived from two words jeje (from hehe means laughter) and mon (a Japanese-influenced suffix in Pokemon)Jejemons are the people who laugh Jejejeje instead of heheheh in Pinoy SMS.Jejemons has multiplied through chatrooms, online games, sociable networks and widely in mobile texting. They became a popular subculture because they make their own rules of spelling, punctuation and grammar. They type words in the practical(prenominal) public by alternating capital and small letters, adding H, Z etc. So weird that besides their group could understand.dHeY tYpe wOrdz lYk diZs**To view their website visit Jejemon.comJejemon became so controversi al and often, it creates debates discussing the advantages anddisadvantages of Jejemon.Good Effects of Jejemon* Gives pleasure to a social group. Jejemons became a tribe, so if you are one of them, you tend to enjoy like them. I rottert object and Im not against them but I know every crowd or sorority brings pleasure to anyone in a way he feels he belongs * Secret codes. If youre a Jejemon, you definitely know how to speak and how to communicate with them. Only you and your folks can understand each former(a) pretty well. So maybe, in times of secrecy, you can converse using your special terms. * The feeling of freedom. Ifyoure a proud Jejemon, it also means you entert care about anti-Jejemon critics. Its a sign that you are liberated from what others would think.Bad Effects of Jejemon* You forget your main language. Whatever it is, English or Filipino, if youre a Jejemon, you always speak with it, so you get used to it. Your other dialects are dance orchestra aside. Oftentimes, it will let you forget the right spelling or grammar in English or Filipino. * Jologs status. (Ok Jejemons dont freak out) Jologs, just like Jejemon, is a term used to denote low discriminate group who are majority from the province towns, often times termed as tambay Jologs is a label of no-care to the world of etiquette or whatever is prim and proper for that matter. * Outcast. Jejemons unfortunately are not widely accepted in the nation so if someone sort of suspects hes talking to one, he wont talk with him again or be a friend with him. A perfect example would be what Ive read from a site that says, OMG youre a Jejemon Bye Because of it, Jejemon has been a big social issue. * Difficult to read. All would agree its freaking hard to read Jejemon words.Sample Jejemon words and phraseseOw poHw (hello po)xInU pOe xLa? (sino po sila)jejejeje (heheheh)Do Jejemons annoy you?-Top of Form* Yup so annoying* No, they are cool.Bottom of FormSee results without ballotDo Jejemons annoy you ?DepEd (Department of Education) discourage everyone using such grammar because of the obvious effects. A lot of groups have freehanded also to combatJejemons, they areJejebusters, Anti-jeje, GOTTA KILL EM ALL JEJEMON and many more.Surprisingly, the term Jejemon won the word of the course of instruction inSawikaan 2010 over nine other entries, by the University of the Philippines academic group in Diliman, Quezon City organized by the Filipinas Institute of Translation.I have no problem with Jejemons and they dont annoy me at all because I dont talk/text to anyone of their kind.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Military

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the armament Proposal for MSA 685 Project Ronnie He ar Dr. Robert E. Weltzer Jr. Table of Contents Abstract3 Problem Statement4 Purpose of Study4 Literature study5 Methodology8 References9 Literature check up on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is becoming an ever increasing hassle in todays military. This deflect is nothing new and has affected veterans from World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and leave Shield/ abandon Storm.There atomic number 18 particularly good descriptions of posttraumatic stress symptoms in the medical literature on attack veterans of World War II and on Holocaust survivors. (Veterans Affairs Fact Sheet, 2006). But with the umteen deployments in the past several years to Iraq and Afghanistan, with galore(postnominal) soldiers going over for the third or quaternate deployments, the pressures mounting on todays military has become too much for some to handle. The master(prenominal) differen ce between past wand present wars is the ever increasing number of women who atomic number 18 see beleaguer on the front lines.Women are being tasked to fill more and more lethal flake roles as the war on terror continues and women appear to be more susceptible to PTSD than their manful counterparts. Studies indicate that many of these women put up from more pronounced and debilitating forms of PTSD than men, a worrisome conclusion in a nation that remembers how many traumatized troops got back from Vietnam and turned to drugs and violence, alcohol and suicide. (Scharnberg, 2005).The government is highly concerned about this and has begun doing studies on how to encounter the lingering effects of this inconvenience unmatchedself. Half of the women volition be tough to long term therapy in which they leave relive the traumatic events that led up to PTSD in hopes that their emotional distress will decrease over time and that their memory of the event is no agelong trau matic. The new(prenominal)wise half of the women will be interact with a therapy that will focus on their conduct now and how to deal with the traumatic event in the present rather than the past.Although the goal of the study is to forge which therapies work best for women captureing from PTSD, experts agree that if the study is conclusive it eventually may be utilise to tens of thousands of Iraq war veterans, virile and female alike. (Scharnberg, 2005). While many soldiers are receiving help with their disorder, for some, the help comes too tardily and they are unable to cope or continue with their purport. Since combat operations began in contact 2003, 45 soldiers gravel killed themselves in Iraq, and an additional two dozen reach committed suicide after travel home, the Army has confirmed. Mclemore, 2005). While these numbers are staggering some experts feel that the worst is yet to come. The trouble for some is that they either do not know there is a job or do n ot requisite any unitary to know that they have a chore. The Army has recently begun screening of personnel that have recently returned from a deployment but that still does not help the thousands who have returned in precedent years. accord to Veterans Affairs (VA) data, 9. 600 of the 360,000 soldiers discharged after fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan have received a provisional diagnosing of PTSD. Mclemore, 2005). As the military continues to struggle with helping veterans with PTSD, there is another problem that also lingers. Many soldiers are returning to Iraq and Afghanistan with mental illness and given anti-depressants to help with their problems. A 2004 Army report found that up to 17 percent of combat-seasoned infantrymen experienced major depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder after one combat tour to Iraq. Less than 40 percent of them had sought mental-health care. (Rogers, 2006).One problem lies in that many soldiers lack to return to combat with thei r units and as long as they are medically cleared to go then(prenominal) they are permitted to go. The second problem is the medical professional basically being able to predict the afterlife day and how the deployment will affect the soldier returning to combat. Had these soldiers been drafted and put on medication and sent back to combat there would have been many questions asked. Since this is an all volunteer Army it is too often assumed that these soldiers will do whatever is asked of them.Think of the ethical questions that would arise from sending draftees back to war on medications. (Rogers, 2006). It is clear that the touchstone and rate of deployments is not going to slow put through in the near future. Until the military, not just the Army, fanny come up with a way to screen soldiers before and after deployments, there will be a continuous rise in the criterion of soldiers suffering from PTSD. Methodology In the research piece I will provide historical as well as statistical data from the old wars the United States armament has been involved in.I will show how the military has failed to cope with this ever increasing problem and the impact it has had and will have on the future our military force. It has become obvious that men and women are becoming increasingly wary of entering our Armed Forces today because of the thought of deploying to Iraq, Afghanistan or some other country. I will use data that has already been collected from many sources, Veterans Affairs, military, etc, to substantiate these findings. Until the deployments slow calibrate and we tart taking better care of our veterans this reluctance to join the Armed Forces is not going to cling any better. Couple this with the ever decreasing benefits and the unwillingness of the people in charge to ensure that capital is made available to care for the traumas of war people will continue to stay away from the military. I will also discuss the differences with PTSD in men and w omen and the types to therapies being used on both. Finally, the publisher will discuss ways that the military sewer assist and support, not only soldiers with PTSD, but the family members that suffer along with them.References Department of Veterans Affairs Homepage. What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? online. forthcoming http//www. ncptsd. va. gov/topics/war. html (2006, February 22). Mclemore, David. (2005, Dec 8). For troops, stress a lingering hazard. The Dallas Morning News. Nadelson, Theodore. Damage Wars Awful Aftermath. In Trained to Kill Soldiers at War, 89-103. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. 191pp. (U21. 5 . N33 2005) Rogers, Rick. (2006, inch 19).Some troops headed back to Iraq are mentally ill. The San Diego Union Tribune. Scharnberg, Kirsten. (2005, March 28). Women GIs and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The Chicago Tribune. U. S. Government answerableness Office. VA Health VA Should Expedite the Implementation of Recommendations Needed to Imp rove Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Services. Washington, D. C. U. S. Government business Office, February 2005. 58pp. ready(prenominal) from http//www. gao. gov/new. items/d05287. pdf. Internet.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in the MilitaryPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Military Proposal for MSA 685 Project Ronnie Heare Dr. Robert E. Weltzer Jr. Table of Contents Abstract3 Problem Statement4 Purpose of Study4 Literature Review5 Methodology8 References9 Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is becoming an ever increasing problem in todays military. This disorder is nothing new and has affected veterans from World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and Desert Shield/Desert Storm.There are particularly good descriptions of posttraumatic stress symptoms in the medical literature on combat veterans of World War II and on Holocaust survivors. (Veterans Affairs Fact Sheet, 2006). But with the many deployments in the past several years to Iraq an d Afghanistan, with many soldiers going over for the third or one-fourth deployments, the pressures mounting on todays military has become too much for some to handle. The primary(prenominal) difference between past wand present wars is the ever increasing number of women who are comprehend combat on the front lines.Women are being tasked to fill more and more lethal combat roles as the war on terror continues and women appear to be more susceptible to PTSD than their male counterparts. Studies indicate that many of these women suffer from more pronounced and debilitating forms of PTSD than men, a worrisome finding in a nation that remembers how many traumatized troops got back from Vietnam and turned to drugs and violence, alcohol and suicide. (Scharnberg, 2005).The government is extremely concerned about this and has begun doing studies on how to combat the lingering effects of this disorder. Half of the women will be treated to long term therapy in which they will relive the t raumatic events that led up to PTSD in hopes that their emotional distress will decrease over time and that their memory of the event is no long-run traumatic. The other half of the women will be treated with a therapy that will focus on their life now and how to deal with the traumatic event in the present rather than the past.Although the goal of the study is to make up ones mind which therapies work best for women suffering from PTSD, experts agree that if the study is conclusive it eventually may be utilise to tens of thousands of Iraq war veterans, male and female alike. (Scharnberg, 2005). While many soldiers are receiving help with their disorder, for some, the help comes too former(a) and they are unable to cope or continue with their life. Since combat operations began in March 2003, 45 soldiers have killed themselves in Iraq, and an additional two dozen have committed suicide after returning home, the Army has confirmed. Mclemore, 2005). While these numbers are staggeri ng some experts feel that the worst is yet to come. The problem for some is that they either do not know there is a problem or do not want anyone to know that they have a problem. The Army has recently begun screening of personnel that have recently returned from a deployment but that still does not help the thousands who have returned in previous years. harmonize to Veterans Affairs (VA) data, 9. 600 of the 360,000 soldiers discharged after fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan have received a provisional diagnosis of PTSD. Mclemore, 2005). As the military continues to struggle with helping veterans with PTSD, there is another problem that also lingers. Many soldiers are returning to Iraq and Afghanistan with mental illness and given anti-depressants to help with their problems. A 2004 Army report found that up to 17 percent of combat-seasoned infantrymen experienced major depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder after one combat tour to Iraq. Less than 40 percent of them h ad sought mental-health care. (Rogers, 2006).One problem lies in that many soldiers want to return to combat with their units and as long as they are medically cleared to go then they are permitted to go. The second problem is the medical professional basically being able to predict the future and how the deployment will affect the soldier returning to combat. Had these soldiers been drafted and put on medication and sent back to combat there would have been many questions asked. Since this is an all volunteer Army it is too often assumed that these soldiers will do whatever is asked of them.Think of the ethical questions that would arise from sending draftees back to war on medications. (Rogers, 2006). It is clear that the amount and rate of deployments is not going to slow down in the near future. Until the military, not just the Army, can come up with a way to screen soldiers before and after deployments, there will be a continuous rise in the amount of soldiers suffering from PT SD. Methodology In the research topic I will provide historical as well as statistical data from the previous wars the United States Military has been involved in.I will show how the military has failed to cope with this ever increasing problem and the impact it has had and will have on the future our military force. It has become obvious that men and women are becoming increasingly wary of entering our Armed Forces today because of the thought of deploying to Iraq, Afghanistan or some other country. I will use data that has already been collected from many sources, Veterans Affairs, military, etc, to substantiate these findings. Until the deployments slow down and we tart taking better care of our veterans this reluctance to join the Armed Forces is not going to cleave any better. Couple this with the ever decreasing benefits and the unwillingness of the people in charge to ensure that notes is made available to care for the traumas of war people will continue to stay away from the military. I will also discuss the differences with PTSD in men and women and the types to therapies being used on both. Finally, the writing will discuss ways that the military can assist and support, not only soldiers with PTSD, but the family members that suffer along with them.References Department of Veterans Affairs Homepage. What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? online. Available http//www. ncptsd. va. gov/topics/war. html (2006, February 22). Mclemore, David. (2005, Dec 8). For troops, stress a lingering hazard. The Dallas Morning News. Nadelson, Theodore. Damage Wars Awful Aftermath. In Trained to Kill Soldiers at War, 89-103. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. 191pp. (U21. 5 . N33 2005) Rogers, Rick. (2006, March 19).Some troops headed back to Iraq are mentally ill. The San Diego Union Tribune. Scharnberg, Kirsten. (2005, March 28). Women GIs and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The Chicago Tribune. U. S. Government Accountability Office. VA Health VA Shou ld Expedite the Implementation of Recommendations Needed to Improve Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Services. Washington, D. C. U. S. Government Accountability Office, February 2005. 58pp. Available from http//www. gao. gov/new. items/d05287. pdf. Internet.

Color symbolism in the great gatsby

break away Caraway, the narrator, Is one of the few characters who does non exhale the major laws that the other characters do. He Is adequate to date stamp what Is wrong In society, at the same beat as what Is positive about people, and his enchantpoints are what think of those In the novel. chip off moves to West Egg In the sp remaindertime of 22 and begins his brio sentence as a bond man after the Great War. It Is who he meets In that summer that the novel Is about, development rich colourises to describe his surroundings and having long pollens of people.Colors inside the novel befriend to characterize the people around break off, describing the nature and characteristics of people by associating t sew with certain colors. BLUE Nick tends to give birth a positive opinion of Jay Gatsby, practic entirelyy putting him on somewhat of a pedestal in comparison to many others he met in the summer. Gatsby is a struggle hero that Nick knew in the war and who later is his neighbor on West Egg. Gatsby is often associated with the color blue, blue only coming up a few times when non associated with Gatsby, the only other reference to blue is of T. J. Eagleburger look.Blue is used to characterize people as watchers, or omnipresent people. After Wilson, a mechanic and husband, loses his wife myrtle in a car accident, Wilson looks out the swanow at the eyes of Doctor T. J. Cocklebur, which had scantily emerged, pale and enormous, from the breakup nighttime. God sees constantlyything(107). Wilson describes the eyes of Cocklebur as the eyes of God, seeing through the deception his wife had compete on him for so long. The Cocklebur eyes are a billboard in the Valley of Ashes, they ache been there for a long time and oversee everything, much exchangeable a man on a pedestal or God would be able to do.Cocklebur is viewed as God with his blue eyes seeing everything. Nick notices the eyes brood over the solemn dumping ground(15). People often blame events on God or claim his nonexistence because they do not erectly see an outside help when they bring forth problems. People claim that God only sees what happens on Earth and does not rattling help his creations, leaving them to fend for themselves and having them make their own decisions. No one directly helps In the situations that are within the book no outside hand helps with the problems nor guides any character to righteousness.Cocklebur sees just now does not do. He Is a God. Gatsby Is much Like Cocklebur In the fact that he watches without action. Gatsby went to war and leave behind Daisy, his sock, only to chance upon her married when he got foot. Gatsby then saved up and bought a home base across the bay from Daisy and watched from afar, watching over her exclusively never contacting her. Nick goes out to his lawn the in the night after having reconnected with his cousin Daisy and, Nicks honest-to-god heavens(14). He notices Gatsby on and that he stretched ou t his arms toward the hidden water in a curious way(1 5).Gatsby is reaching for, what we later learn, is the light-hearted at the end of Daisys dock. objet dart he wants to partake in Daisys life, like many believe God wishes to do in our lives, he comfortrains himself. He instead watches for Daisy and takes clippings about her life from the newspaper. Nick says that they are choosing their part of the local heaven, and God presides and watches from heaven. Gatsby watches and overlooks Daisys life like God would humanity. Gatsby is characterized as a God character because of his inaction this puts him on a pedestal, elevating the view of him.God is not hated, he is loved, and Gatsby is well loved by Nick. Gatsby would be free from Nicks criticism due to his love for him. Gatsby has parties in his blue gardens(25 that chauffeurs dressed(p) in robins-egg blue(27) invite people to. Parties are where Gatsby looks to find Daisy, hoping that she testament one ay stumble into one and he get out be reunited with her. Gatsby is always present at these parties but no one can ever remember seeing him or talking to him when asked. Furthering the idea of omnipresent, Gatsby has enclose over the chauffeurs and they follow as he says.He is watchful through them but doesnt need to be seen. exsanguinous Gatsby is often associated with blue, but he is also connected to white. Many characters are seen in white at some point in the novel and it is used to describe the appearance of whiteness or dour purity. Daisy and Jordan are both introduced in a Larry of white The windows were ajar and gleaming white against the fresh tidy sum outside that seemed to grow a little way into the augury. A breeze blew through the room, blew curtains in at one end and out the other like pale flags twisting them up toward the frosted wedding-cake of the roof Woo young women were buoyed up as though up upon an anchored balloon. They were both in white, and their dresses were rippling an d waver as if they had Just been blown in after a short flight around the house Jordan and Daisy are disposed almost and ethereal appearance in the scene, like little angels or cherubs. They strike white like young exculpatory brides at a wedding, innocent and clear. Their appearance of innocence is dusted in white, from the curtains, to the ceiling, to the dresses on their bodies. They are almost exposit as birds, flying around the house in the wind and finding themselves tied to the ground again.Not only birds, but birds captured in a room or cage, making you feel sorry for them and wanting to set them free into the wind. They seem dainty and young, the innocence of babes surrounding them and nurture their view of the world. In reality though, Jordan and Daisy are both baby. Everyone likes to say that white in The Great Gatsby gist innocence, probably because (1) thats easy to say and (2) everyone else is saying it. Buddhist is hardly the picture of girlish innocence. At the end of the novel, shes described as selfish, careless, and destructive.Jordan snitchs on her golf matches, moving the ball closer to the hole, and Daisy has affairs and is unfaithful in mind and body. Neither is as innocent as they would like you to believe. Their innocence is false and used to protect the image of femininity the characterized Jordan, and especially Daisy. Gatsby is also described in white, showing his inclination to be like and seem innocent and pure. Gatsby is gone from Daisy for 5 long years, in which she had related to Daisy, there became opportunity for Gatsby to reconnect with his old love.Nick invites both Gatsby and Daisy over for tea one afternoon and Gatsby wears a white flannel become, silver shirt, and a gold-colored tie(55). Gatsby has not seen Daisy in over 5 years and wants to make a good spirit on her, to make her see him as good and honest, break dance than the man she was currently married to. He may hand known her when they were young b ut the time had past and he wanted to motivate her of the times onward all that had happened and when they were innocent and ere, before they were tainted by the lives they currently lead.He wanted to remind Daisy of the time they spent together in Louisville in her white roadster(49). Gatsby uses white to seem innocent in the moment and to show his pure intentions towards Daisy. While the use of white by characters in their dressing might be unintentional, they subconsciously want to send a message to another party within the novel. There is an underlying nervousness with Gatsby involving his meeting of new people or the reconnection of him and Daisy. The focus on color and the appearance of purity indicates the desire to energize a specific image about them.Nick also dresses up in white flannels to make a good first impression. Upon being invited to on of Gatsby great, grand, glorious parties Nick dresssees up in white flannels and crosses the short outgo between his house a nd Gatsby (27). Nick had never met Gatsby before and even told Jordan at dinner, the same one where he reconnected with Daisy and Tom, that he had never met his neighbor but knew that he was Gatsby. Nick is nervous, to the point of becoming drunk one of two times in his life, and wants to make undisputable that Gatsby likes him.Nick searches out his host, trying to be a good guest and thank him for the invitation, further indication that Nick wants to be seen in a favorable light. Nick is searching out, not only Gatsby, but Gatsby grace of who he is. He is like a small school boy trying to please the instructor by bringing them a glistening apple on the first day of school. Nick is brining himself, dressed up in his nice, white duds, to please the metaphorical teacher of Gatsby. While Nick seems least corrupt and has the fewest flaws of all of the characters within the novel, he wants the others to know Just how good of a character he has.While Nick is not flawed like the others within the novel, he is still human, and there is a faithlessness of the soula he puts on to show people. Nick does not want to be seen as the rest of the crowd. He does not share their flaws but he is not above them all. The distinction of the way he acts is accentuated by the color white, furthering his appearance of innocence in the events of the summer. GOLD White is pure like the blare and outside of an egg. The problem is that the white part never indicates if the inside will be rotten or not. While white is unblemished morality and false purity, gold is corruption, greed, and money (Huber 2011).Nick and the others in the novel live on either East or West Egg. The eggs are similar in shape but different in personality and culture. On the outside though, everyone on either egg tries to hide who they are and their corruption with their white clothing, homes, and decorations. Many of the characters gift corruption associated with them, even if the measure of how bad it is dif fers. Gatsby and his meretricious feasts with pigs and turkeys becharm to a dark gold, show his money and corruption (26). While Gatsby is characterized with beautiful language and winsome interaction with and that is where his money came from.All of his purchases were paid for with money gained through illegal means. While the nature of Gatsby and his intentions are pure, like his white flannel suit, his money is not. Gatsby also wears a gold tie upon meeting Daisy again at the tea that Nick planned(55). Gatsby wants to prove that he is good by wearing his white flannel suit but he unconsciously also announces his wealth to Daisy. Daisy has always been attracted to wealth and opulence, and Gatsby achieved his status in an exploit to win Daisy over again with the money she always desired him to have. The gold tie represents Gatsby money, but not only that.It is also the corruption required to gain the money so quickly and continuously passim the years. His corruption goes beyon d Just the fact that he gained money through ways that were immoral and against the law. He also pursued a married woman, having an affair with her. Gatsby, had he been able to let go of the past, would have been able to accept that Daisy was married and that he could no longer pursue her or have her in any way, even physically. Before they commit any sins of adultery, Nick and Daisy go to Gatsby house after tea. In Gatsby garden there is the pale gold odor of kiss-me-at-the-gate(60).No regrettable actions have occurred yet but the sentiments that will soon occur are alluded to by the flowers color-scent and its presence in Gatsby yard. Gatsby will eventually send his servants away to protect his secret affair with Daisy, but the affair never is open to the public like that of Myrtle and Toms. Gatsby and Daisy have to kiss at the gate before they rush home. The scent of the flowers and its association of gold accept with the nature of the relationship that Daisy and Gatsby carry ou t. An affair is never indicating positively of ones character. Gatsby and Daisy both have flaws that lead hem to the affair.Daisy did not marry out of love, but out of greed and desire to be wealthy. It is that same air of desire that led her back to Gatsby. While she was now a married woman, she continued to fulfill her phantasy and pursue the love she had with Gatsby. Gatsby is corrupt because he knowingly took a married woman, pursued her, and then proceeded to have an intimate relationship with her. He did it because he thought it would make both him and Daisy later, that they would be happy. Gatsby corruption is a unique kind, not directly for his own benefit but for someone he thinks will benefit his life in the end.Gatsby has Daisy and Nick has Jordan. From the beginning of when they met, Daisy desired to match Nick and Jordan up together nauseated sort of- oh- fling you together(13). Nick never stated that he wanted Jordan, one of Daisys flaws is presume she knows what o thers want, and they usually will consent because she has a way about her that is hard to ignore, but they never usually tell her that they want it in the first place. Nick never stated that he desired Jordan he was interested and confused by her aloof nature but never stated a desire for her. Nick is an upstanding individual with no real flaws of nature or morality.Jordan, despite Nicks initial knowledge, is actually a liar and corrupt in her own nature. At one of Gatsby parties earlier in the summer, Nick found Jordan and went around with her slender golden arm resting in his (28). Jordan plays golf, a rich mans sport, and was accused of treachery by moving her ball closer to the hole than it actually fell. Jordan denied the accusations, claiming that she played a fair plunk for and was not a liar. Later the retracted their statements, presumably under the influence of a large sens of bills pushed their way. Jordan buys her innocence with money and corrupt action to cover ere other corrupt actions.While the white of an egg seems pure and delicious, the rotten inside will eventually be seen. Jordan can cover herself with white dresses in a white ceiling room with white curtains around, but she cannot alter her true and corrupt nature. GREEN A major idea of the novel is corruption of society, additionally the American dream is expressed as a want from all of the characters. They all want to live they perfect life, have families, and to be able to have no worries of money. The desire and apply is seen through the emotions and sentiment connected to the color reverse lightning.Daisy has green light at the end of her dock and Gatsby reached for it trembling(1 5). Daisy is Gatsby everything, his dream, his hope, his future. Gatsby went off to war believing that he would come home to find Daisy waiting for him, that they would have a happy future. He had the hope to believe that he would be able to leave for war and come back to everything being as it was, a s if stopped in time. Gatsby is described by Nick in the beginning of the novel it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic cooking such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again(2).Gatsby was a romantic person with the business leader to wait for long periods of time purely on the hope that the future would come and be what he wished. Gatsby realizes Just what the green light means to him when he is reunited with Daisy and she is on his lap If it wasnt for the mist we could see your home across the bay said Gatsby You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock. Daisy put her harm through his abruptly but he seemed negligent in what he had Just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever.Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very hear to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a booster cable to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had humble by one(61-62). Gatsby had desired Daisy for so long that he had not realized that he substituted the green light at the end of Daisys dock for the real and actual Daisy. Gatsby had had that light as a hope and beacon for all that he did. It was a hope for the future, for the coming day, for what he would do next.The green light directed and guided him in the night and day, eloping him chose in difficult situations and lending him guidance on his life choices. Gatsby life goes downhill from the moment he reconnects with Daisy and loses hope and his sense of direction for the future. He knows he wants to be with Daisy but he has already done everything he had planned for the past 5 years. He is at a loss and doesnt know what to do next. He loses hope and starts destroying the life he built. He fires servants, pelf the parties, and loses the spark that made him so likable in the beginning of the novel. It green represented the hope of a better life ND the birth of the American Dream because in this new found land you could have anything you wanted if you worked hard enough Green also represents corruption and the failing or death of the American Dream (Color Symbolism in the Great Gatsby). The green light is not the only green associated with Gatsby, of the few instances the color is mentioned, Gatsby or something Gatsby owns is usually hope and loss of hope he has when he is younger, Just before becoming Jay Gatsby. When Dan Cody meets him, It was James Gate who had been loafing along the beach in a rupture green Jersey (98).Gatsby came from a penniless family and did not have very much to have hope in, given his circumstances. He was without means to make anything of himself and there was not much hope in the lower income classes of the time for gaining anything higher than their current position. The torn green Jersey represents the despondency of Gatsby prior to his meeting of Dan Cody. Once he had met him, Gatsby had a goal, he Joined the army, met Daisy, and became very wealthy. After he had met Cody he no longer wore the green Jersey, he had other, nicer clothes and he no longer felt the hopelessness associated with the lower income groups of society.His transition away from this hopelessness shows character growth and gives background to Gatsby story. CONCLUSION The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, highlights characteristics in characters using the colors blue, yellow, white and green. Blue is the omnipresence of both Gatsby and T. J. Cocklebur, the characters that keep vigil over the long island give out and the people in it. They are those who represent Gods presences and judgment of the actions of those throughout the novel. Yellow is corruption and money.Gatsby wears gold and has golden items, thing he bought with dirty money room a false business. Cordons golden arm helps her cheat in golf, and Daisy is obsessed with Gatsby money and has no negative thoughts of the affair she carries on with Gatsby. White is the false innocence of the characters and the protecting of femininity for Jordan and Daisy. They are characterized with white but are not as pure as they seem and the association is always in accordance with their femininity their dresses or physical appearance. Green is the ever present hope and desire for Daisy and the past she and Gatsby shared.

Tesla Electric Car

Will the electrical cable car stick? Tesla Motors 8/9/2012 Type the hornswoggle of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Is the electric car cumber or so? In the New York Times best tactual sensation ater do to gravel Chip and Dan heathland explain why some ideas survive and others die.In todays constantly changing marketplace a coherent with rapidly evolving technological unveilings, how do we create ideas and products that will stand the test of time and possibly benefit humanity and our future as a whole? According to the Heath brothers in that respect be six principles we displace function as guidelines for making our ideas stick. These six principles innocent, unexpected, concrete, credible, emotional, and stories, when utilize together, spell success (minus the last s in success). Now vertebr al column to my first question is the electric car going to stick?According to Tesla Motors Inc. Chief Exe concentrateive Elon Musk the resolving is not only yes further Musk was quoted earlier this course of instruction saying In 20 years to a greater extent than half of new cars manufactured will be fully electric. I feel actually instead safe in that bet. Thats a bet I will put money on. So who is this Elon Musk, what is Tesla Motors, and why is he so confident his idea will stick? To answer this question, Ill use the six principles the Heath brothers laid out for us in Made to Stick and let you be the judge.First, let me tell you a little near the history of Tesla Motors. In 1988, aft(prenominal) graduating from high discipline in Pretoria, South Africa, 17 year old Elon Musk left his home land to come to the States telling his family and fri differences It is where great things are possible. Musk was inspired by great innovators same Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla and after a few years at Queens University in Kingston, Canada he continued on to the University of Pennsylvania with a full scholarship. After receiving a spot in conomics and a randomness degree in physics Musk decided there were three areas he wanted to be involved in that he commitd would affect the future of humanity they were the internet, clean energy and space. He spent two days at Stanfords graduate program in 1995 and dropped out only to go on and service create the global internet payment system hold outn as PayPal. By 2003 Musk and just a handful of others founded Tesla Motors in the Silicon Valley area of Northern California which is home to some of the foundations largest engineering corporations.Musks vision of eventually cosmos an independent automaker that could mass shit fully electric cars at an affordable price was becoming materiality. Today Tesla Motors, Inc. has 31 stores and service locations worldwide, employs over 2,000 people and is on the road in 3 7 different countries. Not only does Tesla Motors design, develop, manufacture and sell its electric vehicles, it also manufactures electric vehicle index fingertrain components which it sells to other companies.To show the world that an electric car could not only be efficient but extremely powerful, the companies first vehicle was the Tesla buggy, a high end sports car that asshole accelerate from zero to sixty in under four seconds and has a tallness speed of 125 mph. Once the lithium-ion battery is charged, the car has a range of roughly 245 miles per charge. With the price of the Roadster being out of reach for most people, Tesla knew the next step would be to produce a sedan style vehicle that would be more(prenominal) affordable but still maintain the high take aim of quality.In 2012 Tesla introduced the much more affordable and practical Tesla personate S sedan. There is also the new Model X suv that will be available sometime in 2014. To give you an idea of Tesla M otors growth rate, the annual revenue for 2010 was $117 million, the annual revenue for 2012 so far is $543 million. So now lets look at how the six principles of SUCCES in Made to Stick has helped Tesla Motors succeed and continue to grow. The first principle is SIMPLE. The creation behind simplicity in Made to Stick is the importance of getting to the shopping center of your idea and staying authentic to that core.You must know the core of your idea and convey it as simply as possible. The book uses sou-west Airlines as an example of core simplicity. Southwest Airlines has a Commanders Intent which is We are THE low-fare airline. This simple statement has guided the success of the airline for over thirty years. Tesla has used simplicity to convey their core mission since their beginning. Tesla Motors core, as they make believe stated over and over again is the belief that an electric car need not be a driving sacrifice. This is the definition of simple and they have stuck t o it.Tesla knows that people have a negative image of electric cars and its their sole purpose to make that image positive. The second principle of a sticky idea is the UNEXPECTED. The main objective of the unexpected is to first get the earshots attention and to then hold their attention. The book uses the words surprise, what gets our attention, and interest, what keeps our attention. Tesla did the unexpected when they introduced the truly first electric sports car to the world. You mean to tell me that you built a car that can go 0 to 60 mph in under 4 seconds with little to no sound and no gasoline?This I got to see Lets just say, right off the bat, they got the worlds attention and are still holding it to this day. Tesla do a conscious decision to make their first car a sports car even though they knew they were targeting a smaller elite market. They came out of the gate guns blazing and made the cover of Time magazine for best inventions of 2006. When we hear the word CONC RETE we immediately think of buildings, roadstead and foundations for homes, things that exist all around us that we can touch and see. In Made to Stick the Heath brothers mention that Language is often abstract, but life is not abstract. When we can visualize things in the real world we can put them in context and remember them ameliorate. The book uses the example that concrete nouns, like bicycle are easier to remember than abstract ones like justice. If you want your idea to stick with someone, speak in terms of things that people can relate to in their daily life. One stylus that Tesla uses concrete expression to compare their car with other traditional cars is in a statement on their website The powertrain, tucked amongst the rear wheels, uses energy three times more efficiently than a gas-burning engine. You may not know what a powertrain is but we can all visualize using energy three times more efficiently than gas-burning. The fourth principle in making an idea stick is CREDIBILITY. Credibility is the level that you believe something to be true. If you believe a source of information is highly credible then you will more than likely accept it as the truth. The Heath brothers hit on a few ways we can make our ideas more credible and a couple of them stood out to me while doing my research of Tesla Motors. Authorities and experts can be a reliable source of credibility.The book uses Stephen Hawking as an authority on physics but I prefer to use Carl Sagan as an authority on astronomy, just a in the flesh(predicate) favorite of mine. Along with the external credibility of authorities, there is internal credibility like the uses of testable credentials i. e. chastise it before you subvert it. Of course all car companies will let you drive it before you buy it and Tesla is no exception. What stood out to me among all the glowing reviews was an article in the Wall Street Journal by Dan Neil, a winner of the Ken Purdy Award for automotive journalism.W hen Dan was given one of the new Tesla Model S sedans to review he was ready to be disappointed. That was not the case as he went on to compare the 4-door electric sedan with that of a Lamborghini and a Ford GT supercar and the design quality to that of a Jaguar. sometimes credibility comes from a completely new source as with the example used in Made to Stick of the 1984 Wendys commercial Wheres the beef? Wendys was using testable credentials buy exit it up to the consumers to go see for themselves. Wheres the beef?I still remember that commercial from when I was a kid. When we feel strongly about something we not only remember it but we want to do something about it. The fifth principle of sticky ideas is EMOTIONAL. Emotional messages can evoke powerful feelings both soundly and bad in people. We naturally care more about the things that affect our own personal lives than those things that usurpt directly affect us, so how do we get other people to care about our own ideas? Th e Heath brothers suggest three ways that we can make people care.By using the power of association, we can relate to peoples individual lives and show them that we care about the same things they care about. Another way to make people care is to appeal to their self-interest. People have ideas about who they are and who they would like to be and if we can tap into that emotion our message is more likely to stick with them. Appealing to peoples identity is emotionally powerful and Tesla Motors knows just how to do that. Cars have always been more than just a means of transportation, they tell people who you are and what you care about.Tesla has already created strong brand loyalty for being the thinking mans car of the future. Tesla knows that a growing number of people feel very strong emotions about sustainable energy. To quote Elon Musk The overarching purpose of Tesla, and my reason for personally funding the company, is to expedite the bleed from a mine-and-burn hydrocarbon eco nomy towards a sustainable, solar electric economy. The sixth and final principle of sticky ideas is STORIES. end-to-end human history we have used stories to convey important messages.Stories not only grab our attention and entertain us but inspire us to act. One of the examples of the use of stories in Made to Stick is the Subway tale of Jared. In the 90s Subway used a true and extraordinary story about a young man, who was dangerously over weight, lost over 100 pounds in just three months by eating at Subway. This story had a huge impact on many another(prenominal) people and put Subway back on the map. Many people could relate to Jareds story and were inspired to eat healthier. I believe the story of Elon Musk is inspiring and that through human innovation anything is possible.In 2009 things were not looking good for American car companies, many of which were completely shut down to cut costs. During that same year Bob Lutz of GM said Tesla would never compete effectively as a car company because nobody really wanted and electric car especially at that price. That year Tesla sold 100% of its production and opened a second dealership. In closing, there are many stories like Tesla that inspire us to think outside the box. Human innovation is the foundation of society, without it we would grow dead(a) and die out.Its true that some ideas survive and others die thats just the nature of things but there are things we can do to make our ideas stick. The principles that Chip and Dan Heath laid out in Made to Stick arent set in stone but can be used as a foundation for success (pun intended). Tesla has done a good job of pushing the boundaries of technology and is getting closer every day to making that technology affordable to everyone. With all the haters out there its hard to say if Teslas electric car will stick, but as long as we all keep aspiring for greater things the world will be a better place.