Maple Sap Collection and Syrup Production

Maple syrup is a natural forest food product and, for the most part, only produced in temperate North American woodlands. More specifically, the sugary sap is mostly collected from the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) which grows naturally in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Other maple species that can be tapped are red and Norway maple. Red maple sap tends to yield less sugar and early budding causes off flavors so its seldom used in commercial syrup operations. The basic process of sugar maple syrup production is fairly simple and has not dramatically changed over time. The tree is still tapped by boring using a hand brace and drill bit and plugged with a spout, called a spile. The sap flows into covered, tree-mounted containers or through a system of plastic tubing and is collected for processing. Converting maple sap into syrup requires removing water from the sap which concentrates the sugar into a syrup. The raw sap is boiled in pans or continuous feed evaporators where the liquid is reduced to a finished syrup of 66 to 67 percent sugar. It takes an average of 40 gallons of sap to produce one gallon of finished syrup. The Maple Sap Flow Process As do most trees in temperate climates, maple trees enter dormancy during winter and store food in the form of starches and sugar. As day temps start to rise in late winter, stored sugars move up the trunk to prepare for feeding the tree growth and budding process. Cold nights and warm days increase the flow of sap and this starts what is called the sap season. During warm periods when temperatures rise above freezing, pressure develops in the tree. This pressure causes the sap to flow out of the tree through a wound or tap hole. During cooler periods when temperatures fall below freezing, suction develops, drawing water into the tree. This replenishes the sap in the tree, allowing it to flow again during the next warm period. Forest Management for Maple Sap Production Unlike managing a forest for timber production, sugarbush (term for a stand of sap trees) management does not depend on maximum annual growth or growing straight defect-free timber at an optimum stocking level of trees per acre. Managing trees for maple sap production is focused on annual syrup yield on a site where optimal sap collection is supported by easy access, adequate numbers of sap-producing trees, and forgiving terrain. A sugarbush should be managed for quality sap producing trees and less attention is paid to tree form. Trees with crooks or moderate forking are of little concern if they produce a quality sap in adequate quantities. Terrain is important and has a major influence on sap flow. Southern facing slopes are warmer which encourages early sap production with longer daily flows. Adequate accessibility to a sugarbush decreases labor and transport costs and will enhance a syrup operation. Many tree owners have opted not to tap their trees in favor of selling sap or leasing their trees to syrup producers. There must be sufficient numbers of sap producing maples available with desirable access to each tree. We recommend you check with a regional sap producers association for buyers or renters and develop an appropriate contract. The Optimal Sugarbush Tree and Stand Size The best spacing for a commercial operation is about one tree in an area measuring 30 feet x 30 feet  or 50 to 60 mature trees per acre. A maple grower can start at a higher tree density but will need to thin the sugarbush to achieve a final density of 50-60 trees per acre. Trees 18 inches in diameter (DBH) or larger should be managed at 20 to 40 trees per acre. It is very important to remember that trees under 10 inches in diameter should not be tapped due to serious and permanent damage. Trees over this size should be tapped according to its diameter: 10 to 18 inches - one tap per tree, 20 to 24 inches - two taps per tree, 26 to 30 inches - three taps per tree. On average, one tap will yield 9 gallons of sap per season. A well-managed acre might have between 70 and 90 taps 600 to 800 gallons of sap 20 gallons of syrup. The Making of a Good Sugar Tree A good maple sugar tree usually has a large crown with significant leaf surface area. The greater the crowns leaf surface of a sugar maple, the greater is the sap flow along with increased sugar content. Trees with ​crowns more than 30 feet wide produce sap in optimum quantities and grow larger faster for increased tapping. A desirable sugar tree has a higher sugar content in the sap than others; they are typically sugar maples or black maples. It is very important to have good sugar producing maples, as an increase of 1 percent in sap sugar reduces processing costs up to 50%. The average New England sap sugar content for commercial operations is 2.5%. For an individual tree, the volume of sap produced during one season varies from 10 to 20 gallons per tap. This amount depends on a specific tree, weather conditions, sap season length, and collection efficiency. A single tree can have one, two, or three taps, depending on size as mentioned above. Tapping Your Maple Trees Tap maple trees in early spring when daytime temperatures go above freezing while nighttime temperatures fall below freezing. The exact date depends on the elevation and location of your trees and your region. This can be from mid to late February in Pennsylvania to mid-March in upper Maine and eastern Canada. Sap usually flows for 4 to 6 weeks or as long as the freezing nights and warm days continue. Taps should be drilled when temperatures are above freezing to reduce the risk of damage to the tree. Drill into the trunk of the tree in an area that contains sound sap wood (you should be seeing fresh yellow shavings). For trees with more than one tap (20 inches DBH plus), distribute the tapholes evenly around the circumference of the tree. Drill 2 to 2 1/2 inches into the tree at a slight upward angle to facilitate flow of sap from the hole. After making sure that the new taphole is free and clear of shavings, gently insert the spile with a light hammer and do not pound the spile in the taphole. The spile should be set properly to support a bucket or plastic container and its contents. Forcefully mounting the spile can split the bark which prevents healing and could cause a substantial wound on the tree. Do not treat the taphole with disinfectants or other materials at the time of tapping. You always remove spiles from the tapholes at the end of the maple season and should not plug the hole. Tapping done properly will allow tapholes to close and heal over naturally which will take about two years. This will ensure that the tree continues to remain healthy and productive for the remainder of its natural life. Plastic tubing can be used in place of buckets but can become a bit more complicated and you should consult a maple equipment a dealer, your local maple producer, or Cooperative Extension Office.

George Orwells 1984 - 2185 Words

Literary Analysis The author of the novel 1984, George Orwell, is a political critic. Therefore, he used very precise descriptions of situations and words to provide the reader a clear understanding of the entity he is criticizing. When Winston describes the destruction of past records to create new ones to Julia, he says: â€Å"Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and building has been renamed, every date has been altered. And that process is continuing day by day and minute by minute. History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right.† (pg. 162). Here, instead of only saying â€Å"Every record has been†¦show more content†¦During the torture with rats in room 101, Winston says: â€Å"Do it to Julia! Do it to Julia! Not me! Julia! I don’t care what you do to her. Tear her face off, strip her to the bones. Not me! J ulia! Not me!†(pg. 300). The one person that Winston promised to never betray, Julia, was betrayed at the end due to the power of the Party and their constant monitoring of the people, which led them to know everything from what a person likes to what they hate. In this case, Winston’s deepest fear and disgust were towards rats and they used it as a tool to break the strong bond between Julia and Winston. Julia also says: â€Å"I betrayed you† (pg. 305), which demonstrates that the Party does indeed know everything about everyone because they used a similar torture method to distort and destroy her love for Winston. It is horrifying to think that torture was used to change people’s beliefs and feelings in the Party’s favor. I suppose Orwell wanted to indicate to what extent the government might go to achieve total power over people and one of his messages here is that even middle class people, like Winston and Julia, will be sentenced in a totalitar ian system; if they live with their position, they are committing an act of intellectual and moral suicide as human individuals, and if they tryShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. 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Human Trafficking Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Trafficking. Answer: Introduction Human trafficking is a contemporary growing concern that has attracted global attention. It is an up surging menace and it is considered a global crisis with majority of the victims being women and children. This paper explores different dimensions of human trafficking in globalization and their causes. The subsequent section of this paper will focus on the consequences and preventive mechanisms of trafficking. The paper also offers a brief solution on how to handle the victims of traffickers. United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons defines human trafficking as forceful recruitment, transfer, transportation or harbouring of persons (2000). It could be abduction, fraud or by threat and involves taking advantage of the vulnerable by exploiting them. However, Russell observes that precise and reliable data on human trafficking to track bearing the fact that is illegal and often inconspicuous (2017). Another impediment to getting such data is the magnitude and different definition to human trafficking. Human trafficking can take place within the country or even across international borders. It is a globally spread practice- albeit illegal- and is believed to fetch colossal profits for the trafficking brokers (Russel, 2017). Trafficking is considered a gendered offense and may involve children, and women- or even men- based on different reasons. Statistics show that most of the victims are trafficked into either domestic slavery or sex industry (US Trafficking in Person Report, 2010). Human trafficking in most instances is blatantly accompanied by violence and exploitation (Fisanick, 2010). Fisanick further notes that in modern trafficking, the victims may be legally or illegally documented as they are taken into unknown countries incognizant of the underlying aftermaths (2010). Human trafficking is entrenched in gender inequality, economic resilience (Davy, 2015). Modern traffickers take advantage of growing unemployment and high poverty level among women in their motherland by promising them a well-paying jobs and serene environment. Causes and forms of human trafficking According to Bales, human trafficking is tremendously driven by myriad of factors such as poverty, economic downturn, instability, graft, and impotent legal and institutional structures (2007). Weak family and social networks may also attribute to trafficking. For instance, divorce or death of parents may render children destitute, which may result to extreme exploitation or trafficking (Davidson, 2015). Such children feel neglected and are susceptible to trafficking. They could be trapped into false promises of better standards of living in another country. The U.S Department of State Trafficking in Persons report that approximately 21 million are currently trapped into forced labour and forced commercial sex (2010). International Labour Organization (ILO) further notes that $ 150 million illicit profits are raked annually from forced labour (2014). There first dimension of trafficking is in form of cultural or sex trafficking. This is common in Sub-Saharan African culture where young girls are coerced into early marriages (Bales, 2007). For example, the Kokombas community in Ghana, men do have an early arrangement to marry young girls at their early adolescent stage. Such cultural practice undermines human dignity and human rights (Bales, 2007). Sex trafficking also entails coercing victims into commercial sex and strip-club dancing. Most victims are normally girls under 18 years. Sexual trafficking is common in areas that tolerates cultures that devalue women and in most instances stomach sexual exploitation. Sex trafficking also stems from ethnic bias, poor education, and consistent conflict. Bales notes that forced commercial sex is common where victims are illegally taken into foreign countries- with help of traffickers- and thereafter their personal identification documents seized. The victims are then blackmailed with sta nce legal actions if they do not comply with the traffickers demand. Trafficking may also be in form of debt bondage or labour. Debt bondage trafficking is commonly practised in Africa and some parts of India (Bales, 2007). The practice entails using children to settle debts. The victim is compelled to work for the creditor until the debt is paid off. This practise is common northern Ghana- among the Telensi community (Bales, 2007). Labour trafficking is common in countries like USA, Mexico, and Philippines. The victims are usually subjected to forced labour with little or no pay in extreme working conditions (ILO, 2014). In the USA, the labour-related sectors that where trafficking is practiced are agriculture, domestic servitude, hotel services, manufacturing and janitorial services. Just like sex trafficking, most labour trafficking victims are illegal immigrants (USA Trafficking in persons Report, 2010). Effects of human trafficking Human trafficking dehumanizes the victims as they endure both psychological and physically excruciating pain. Empirical evidence from interviews conducted on human trafficking survivors show that those victims of human trafficking who are subjected to sexual assault such as rape and forced prostitution suffered psychologically and physically Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in person (UN Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in person, 2010) . Most of the victims suffer mental problems because of trafficking experience. Common among the victims were back pain, fatigue, headache and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Interviews further revealed that psychological health symptoms prevailed longer than physical symptoms. Victims of labour trafficking suffer poor sanitation and ventilation, working overtime, poor training, high-risky equipment, inadequate protective working materials, extreme temperatures, and chemical hazards. Exposure to such unpleasant conditions may lead to dehydration, exhaustion, hypothermia, heart complications, stress, respiratory problems, skin infections, and frostbite (UN Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in person, 2010) In general, the dominant post-human trafficking effect is poor mental health. Depression, anxiety disorders, and physical dysfunction are some of the psychological trauma that the victims suffered. Sex trafficking victims are also coerced into using drugs. Research reveals that traffickers forcefully inject drugs to victims with main aim of having an easy control over them. In addition, forced social-isolation by separating them from their families emotionally manipulates the victims (UN Protocol to prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in person, 2010) Victims also suffer legal insecurities particularly those who cross the borders. This happens when traffickers confiscate personal-identity documents. In such incidences, victims are treated as illegal immigrants instead of being identified as victims of illegal act. Therefore, they risk detention or being imprisoned by the host county. Those who manage to go back to their countries suffer stigmatization to the new health issues. The victims live in perpetual fear of being trafficked again (UN Protocol to prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in person, 2010). Approaches to deal with human trafficking Regulatory strides are imperative at policy level in order to create awareness of inherent risks of human trafficking. This step should especially be focused on those individuals that plan to migrate. Migrant officials in destination set-up should adopt similar legal redress model to those in the domestic settings. The government should step in in dispensing provision of healthcare to the victims of trafficking. This can be realized by granting such persons right to state-sponsored health services or through financial support (US National Centre for Victims of Crime, 2016). According to Aronowitz, there is a limited empirical research on human trafficking (2017). Studies on potentially samples representing trafficked and how their health are affected are particularly inadequate. Aronowitz observes that empirical data particularly on men trafficking and the aftermath of trafficking is scarce. In similar vein, there is need for sufficient data on labour trafficking across wide range of production sectors involved. There is also need to analyse the policies and strategies that can appropriately counter trafficking menace. Furthermore, intergovernmental organisations must prioritize objectives on addressing inequality and poverty. This is a significant step in combating trafficking cases that are caused by impoverishment. It can be effected by equal educational opportunities, easy access to finance, fair labour rights, and minimum wage to improve standards of living. State must ensure that effective legal frameworks are put in place to ensure traffickers are prosecuted and exposed to harsh penalties (UN Protocol to prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in person, 2010) Indeed human trafficking is a growing concern in global platform. Victims of human trafficking suffer both psychological and physical health. This calls for an urgent need to adopt policies that criminalize human trafficking. As discussed in the points above, human trafficking dehumanizes the victims. Both government and non-governmental organizations should step up in condemning human trafficking. Anti-trafficking campaign images Fig i: an anti-trafficking campaign image. The image seek sensitize the public on the plight of victims of human trafficking. Image source: https://www.phantomrescue.org Fig. ii: an anti-trafficking campaign image. The image helps in condemning children trafficking. Image source: https://www.phantomrescue.org Fig iii: An anti-trafficking campaign image. The mobilizes everybody to play a critical in fighting trafficking Image source: https://www.phantomrescue.org References Aronowitz,A.A. (2017). Human Trafficking. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. Bales,K. (2007). Ending slavery: How we free today's slaves. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Davidson,J.O. (2015). Modern Slavery: The Margins of Freedom. Davy,D. (2015). Understanding the Support Needs of Human-Trafficking Victims: A Review of Three Human-Trafficking Program Evaluations. Journal of Human Trafficking, 1(4), 318-337. doi:10.1080/23322705.2015.1090865 Fisanick,C. (2010). Human trafficking. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. ILO. (2014). Employment Practices and Working Conditions in Thailand's Fishing Sector. Geneva: International Labour Office. National Centre for Victims of Crime (U.S.), United States. (2016). Human trafficking. Russell,A. (2017). Human Trafficking: A Research Synthesis on Human-Trafficking Literature in Academic Journals from 20002014. Journal of Human Trafficking, 1-23. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1292377 United Nations. (2000). Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in person, especially women and children. Geneva: UN. United States. (2010). Trafficking in persons report. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs.

Francis Drake Essays - Francis Drake, , Term Papers

Francis Drake Francis Drake was an experienced and daring seafarer. Among many adventures, the'famous voyage', his successful circumnavigation of the world between 1577 and 1580 ensured that he would be one of the best remembered figures of Tudor England. In his own lifetime, he was thought of with mixed feelings, both at home and abroad. Some English people regarded him as a hero, but he was distrusted by others, who saw him as having risen 'above his station'. Although he was feared and hated by the Spanish, he was also regarded by some with secret admiration. What was England like at the time of Drake? For most of Drake's life, Queen Elizabeth I ruled the country. It was a time when England was growing in population, power and wealth, and was also becoming more outward looking. New markets and colonies were needed, so that English produce, especially wool, could be traded. England was also keen to gain from the huge profits to be made from the 'New World' of the Americas and from the Eastern spice trade, as Spain and Portugal were already doing. It was a time when religion was extremely important to people, especially the question of whether England was to be a Protestant or a Catholic country. Arguments about religion and trade meant that England was at war with Spain for much of Drake's life. Where was Francis Drake born? Francis Drake was born in Tavistock, Devon, sometime between 1541 and 1543. What sort of family did he come from? A very ordinary family, certainly not rich or powerful. His family was a devoutly religious one. When Francis was still a small boy, the Catholic Queen Mary came to the throne, and there were religious disturbances in Devon. The family left, and moved to Chatham in Kent where for a time they lived on an old, laid-up ship. Drake's father became a Protestant preacher. These early experiences had a profound effect on the young Francis. The Protestant religion was to be one of the most important things to him throughout his life. On his voyage around the world he led religious services on board ship twice a day. When did Drake first go to sea? He first started going to sea while living in Chatham, at the age of twelve or thirteen. He was an apprentice on a small trading ship which was left to him when the master died. After selling this ship, he returned to Devon and sailed with his relative John Hawkins. Together, Hawkins and Drake made the first English slaving voyages, bringing African slaves to work in the 'New World'. Did Francis Drake marry? Yes. He married twice. When he was twenty-five he married Mary Newman, who died in 1583. He married again in 1585. His second wife, Elizabeth Sydenham, came from a much more influential family. He did not have children with either of his wives. What was Drake looking for on his voyages? Spanish ships, sailing back from their new conquests in South America were extremely attractive, as they were laden with silver. Drake attacked such ships, and if he was successful in capturing them, took their treasure for himself and for his queen. He also raided Spanish and Portuguese ports in the 'New World' and the Atlantic. On Drake's voyage to Panama in 1572-3, he was helped by cimarrones. The cimarrones were former slaves, who had escaped to live in the forest and mountains as outlaws. Many were prepared to help the English as they blamed the Spanish for their position. One cimarrone in particular, named Diego, became especially close to Drake, accompanying him to England and later around the world. How long did it take Drake to sail around the world? The circumnavigation took three years, from 1577 to 1580. Originally, the voyage was probably planned as a raid on Spanish ships and ports. Five ships, manned by 164 seamen, left Plymouth, with Drake himself sailing in the Pelican. Nearly all the crew thought they were heading for the Mediterranean. After reaching America, Drake was worried that his ships might get separated from each other, so he gave orders for two of them to be destroyed. Then the Marigold was lost, with all her crew, and the Elizabeth turned back and sailed home. By October 1578, as the company started up the western coast of South America, there were just 58 left, all on the Pelican. Drake renamed his ship the Golden Hinde. What did Drake find out on his voyage around the world? Drake's

THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE FRUIT OF THE POISON TREE DOCTRINE essays

THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE FRUIT OF THE POISON TREE DOCTRINE essays The Exclusionary Rule is a fundamental constitutional principle of criminal procedure law in the United States. Generally, it prohibits the criminal trial of any evidence seized or otherwise obtained in violation of Amendment to the Constitution. Under the Exclusionary Rule, improperly evidence that leads to the subsequent discovery of other incriminating automatically invalidates or "poisons" the newly discovered derivative same way that a poisonous tree taints the fruits growing on any of its While it derives from the Fourth Amendment, it is not actually anywhere within the text of the Constitution or its Amendments. In fact, judicially created more than a century after the Constitution was ratified the Fourth Amendment included within the Bill of Rights in 1791 (Tinsley). "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." At British Common Law, any evidence of guilt was admissible into and proof of guilt was considered to excuse any illegal conduct involved in it, even retroactively, in effect, functioning as an absolute defense on police or government authorities who violated the law (Tinsley): "where a Man arrests another, who is actually guilty of the Crime for which he is arrested, it seems, That he needs not in justifying it, set forth any special Cause of his Suspicion, but may say in general, that the Party feloniously did such a Fact, for which he arrested him In the nearly one and one quarter century between 1791 and 1914, criminal courts allowed the introduction of evidence establishing guilt in cases,...

Therapy Dog Visits Cancer Patients at Cone Health Assignment

Therapy Dog Visits Cancer Patients at Cone Health - Assignment Example The patients have the opportunity to hold the dog, which reminds her of her dog pet that she left at home. Animal-therapy is a topic that has gained a lot of attention within the contemporary topic about the human-animal relationship and how each party can benefit. This news item shows how close human beings and animals can be and how the two species can mutually benefit from one another. The reason I picked this article is its implication to the hope of reviving the bond between human beings and animals. As more people find consolation in their domestic animals, it becomes clear that it is possible to form even close bonds that will uphold the dignity of both animals and human beings. This brings a completely new image different from one created by the use of animals as test species that researchers use to develop a cure for the human ailment. Earlier on, medical experts have used animals to test for experimental drugs, leading to the death of many animals. This article is linked to the idea of bringing animals and human beings close, an important topic in the contemporary studies.

Detail the main power centres around the Mediterranean Sea through the Essay

Detail the main power centres around the Mediterranean Sea through the ages and explain why they fell - Essay Example However, despite the notable developments from these powers, they finally fell following several reasons such as corruption, inequality and civil wars. Others did not last long because they had ineffective leaders who had little knowledge on governance hence a downturn to economic prosperity. There are different main power centers around the Mediterranean Sea through the ages and the underlying reasons why they fell. For instance, there were the Egyptians who had the first knowledge of architecture, building and a combination of painting and sculpture. The Egyptians’ formulation of the techniques begun around 3000 B.C. This includes the establishment of a pyramid of the sovereign before the takeover of the throne. However, in painting, there was a different technique called monumental treatment that was accorded to designs using many colors (Fromkin 89). In the same breadth, there was also rapid development through stylistic conformities that have presently been characteristic of the art of the Egyptians through history. Another main power center around the Mediterranean Sea was the Phoenicians who had success as early as around 1200 B.C. It is during this period that their level of activity rose and there was also the proliferation of colonizers, explorers, and even remarkable traders. All these groups of ancient professionals created settlements in various parts of the Mediterranean Sea to the advantage of the locals in the area (Tames 145). Similarly, this group took credit for discovering the alphabet that later had the modification of the Greeks in terms of symbols use for sounds. Additionally, the discovery of the alphabet by the Phoenicians led to the replacement of hieroglyphics and cuneiforms hence propelling major advancement. The same period during the majestic reign of the Phoenicians is when there was colonization of areas such as Italy, Sicily, North Africa and Asia Minot by the Greeks. On the other hand, another formidable group to settle around the Mediterranean Sea entails the Hebrews who were a small nation in comparison to the rest. It is observed that after they had arrived to the Land of Promise meaning Canaan after nearly 4000 years, the Hebrews developed a flourishing state. This achievement was, however, notable in religion whereby the Bible turned to be a valuable mark especially to the Western civilization (Fromkin 90). Furthermore, because of their nomadic lifestyle, the Hebrews made a mark in the absorption of other the native civilizations for their advantage. This suggests that an older religion such as Judaism offered fundamental principles to the smaller faiths that included Islam and Christianity. Apart from the above powers, there was also the Island of Cyprus that excelled in excavation processes around 4000-3000 B.C. This group had their influence from the Greece in the ancient era after 1500 B.C. In other words, the Cypriot civilization learnt a lot from the Greeks in terms of cultures and other related religions (Tames 145). However, while the settlement of the Phoenicians around the Mediterranean was noted around the 800 B.C., and later followed by the Egyptians and Assyrians, the Island of Cyprus came late. Alternatively, this gave them a leverage to major in commerce and also become the focal point of the cult of Aphrodite. It is